☆常用： ppm: parts per millionppb: parts per billion pH: potential of hydrogen1. 化合物的命名：规则：金属(或某些非金属)元素+阴离子名称(1)MgCl2 magnesium [mæɡ’ni:zj əm] chloride (2)NaNO2 sodium nitrite [‘naitrait](3)KNO3 potassium[p ə’tæsi əm] nitrate [‘naitreit] (4)硝酸 nitric acid(5)NaHCO3 sodium hydrogen carbonate练习：▪ FeBr2 ▪ (NH4)2SO4 ▪ NH4H2PO4▪KMnO4▪亚硫酸▪sulfurous acid▪H2S▪NO2 有机物命名▪Hydrocarbon▪{Aliphatic hydrocarbon; Aromatic Hydrocarbon}▪Aliphatic hydrocarbon (脂肪烃)▪{Alkane (烷); Alkene(烯); Alkyne(炔)}▪Alcohol 醇▪Aldehyde 醛▪Ketone [‘ki:təun] 酮▪Carboxylic acid 羧酸▪Aromatic hydrocarbon(芳香烃)▪{benzene (苯) hydroxybenzene(酚) quinone(醌)无机物中关于数字的写法mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta- hexa-, hepta-, octa-, nona-, deca-一，二，三，四，五，六，七，八，九，十有机物中关于数字的写法meth-, eth-, prop-, but-, pent-, hex-,甲乙丙丁戊已hept-, oct-, non-, dec-, cyclo-, poly-庚辛壬葵环聚练习▪甲烷乙炔▪丙酮丁醇▪戊烷己烯▪庚醛辛烷▪2-甲基壬酸 3,5-二乙基癸醇Lithium [‘liθiəm] n.锂Beryllium [bə’riljəm] n.铍(Be)Sodium [‘səudiəm] n.钠Potassium [pə’tæsiəm] 钾Rubidium [ru:’bidiəm] 铷Caesium [‘si:ziəm] 铯Nucleus[‘nju:kli s] 原子核，是nuclear的复数Halogen[‘hælədʒən] 卤素general chemistry 普通化学positive[‘pƆzətiv] ion 阳离子orbital electron 轨道电子effective nuclear charge 有效核电荷atomic radius 原子半径，raddi的复数ionic radius 离子半径negative ion 阴离子electron cloud 电子云Van der Waals non-bounded radius单质分子晶体中相邻分子间两个非键合原子核间距离的一半称为范德华半径metallic [mi’tælik] character[‘kæriktə] 金属特性electropositive [I’lektrəu’pɔzətiv] a.带正电的Ionization [‘aiənai’zeiʃən] energy 电离能carbon 碳 germanium[dʒə:’meiniəm] 锗tin [tin] 锡 lead [led] 铅sodium[‘səudiəm] 钠 magnesium[mæɡ’ni:zjəm] 镁silicon [‘silikən] 硅 chlorine [’klɔ:ri:n] 氯nonmetallic [‘nɔnmi’tælik]adj.n.非金属的，非金属Electronegativity 电负性Metallic oxide 金属氧化物Metallic hydroxide [hai’drɔksaid] 金属氢氧化物Hydroxyl [hai‘drɔksil] ions 氢氧根离子insoluble[in’sɔljubl] 不溶解的Ionic [ai‘ɔnik] adj. 离子的Transition element 过渡元素Basicity [bə’sisiti] n. 碱性，碱度Oxyacid [,ɔksi’æsid] 含氧酸Carbonate [‘kɑ:bəneit] 碳酸盐Nitrate [‘naitreit] 硝酸盐Sulphate [‘sʌlfeit] 硫酸盐 = sulfateAmphoteric [,æmfə’terik] adj.两性的Acid [‘æsid] n. adj.alkali [‘ælkəlai] n.adj.Hydration [hai’dreiʃən] 水合作用Hydrolyze [‘haidrəlaiz] vi. 水解Oxysalt [‘ɔksisɔ:lt] 含氧酸盐Complex 络合物，复合物句子理解1) Metals are electropositive and have a tendency to loss electrons, if suppliedwith energy: M M+ + e. 金属是电正性的，如果供给能量，有失去电子的趋势。
2) The stronger this tendency, the more electropositive and more metallic anelement is. （元素失电子）趋势越强，其电正性和金属性越强。
3) Thus sodium and magnesium are more metallic than silicon, which in turn, ismore metallic than chlorine. 因此，钠和镁的金属性比硅强，以此类推，硅的金属性比氯强。
Which 引导非限定定语从句，修饰Silicon4) Oxides, which are insoluble in water, are regarded as basic if they react withacids to form salts. 不溶于水的氧化物，如果和酸能够反应生成盐，则认为是碱性的。
5) Weakly electropositive elements are unaffected by water and are much lessreadily attacked by acids. 弱电正性的金属不与水反应，且不易与酸反应6) Salts of strongly electropositive metals have little tendency toform oxysalts. 强电正性的金属盐水解形成含氧酸盐的趋势很小。
It is + adj.+ to：It is advantageous to work at lower temperature ▪It is possible to do sth.▪It seems advantageous to do sth.▪It appears useful to do sth.▪It proves correct to do sth.▪It becomes obvious to do sth.▪It is important to do sth.▪It is clear to do sth. （明显的）▪It is apparent to do sth.（显而易见的）▪It is necessary (for us) to know how to convert energy from one form into another.It is + adj. + that▪It is apparent that the difference between elements is in the structure of their atoms.▪It is important that the polymerization proceeds under nitrogen atmosphereIt is + 过去分词+ thatIt is + believed + that（accepted、mentioned、proposed、found、supposed、recommended、known）e.g. It is found that oxygen plays an important role in the reactionIt is + 名词（动名词）+ that(1) It is worth noting (mentioning) that ……值得一提的是……e.g. It is worth noting that the polymer is highly soluble inorganic solvents.(2) It is no use that(3) It is a fact that ……事实上It +不及物动词+ tha1) It turns out that……（seems、appears）2) It follows that……由此可见…..3) It goes without saying that…... 毫无疑问……e.g. It goes without saying that the material does not have good stability in air.It +系动词+ that （被动句型，See P29)⏹It is considered that ……….（understood、supposed、suggested 、noticed、preferred ）⏹It is generally recognized that ……⏹It can be foreseen that ……⏹It must be stressed that……⏹It has been shown that ……Vocabulary‘ɡælvənaiz]vt.通电流于；电镀;镀锌于iron[‘aiən] 铁 Zinc [ziŋk] 锌rusting [rʌstiŋ] n 生锈anodic [ə’nɔdik] adj. 阳极的Scratch [skrætʃ] vt. & vi.擦伤，刮伤Sacrifice [‘sækrifais] n. vt. & vi.牺牲, 舍身Magnesium [mæɡ’ni:zjəm] n.镁Pipeline [’paiplain] n.管道, 管线hull [hʌl] n.船体, 船身Consolidate [kən’sɔlideit] vt. & vi.(使)巩固; (使)加强;合并，统一hydrogen[‘haidrədʒən] 氢Copper [‘kɔpə] 铜Disproportionate [‘disprə’pɔ:ʃənit] adj. 不相称的, 不成比例的, 不均匀的;歧化需掌握的词汇Oxidation-reduction reaction 氧化还原反应iron[‘aiən] 铁 Zinc [ziŋk] 锌Forward reaction 正向反应spontaneous [spɔn’teiniəs] reaction自发反应anodic protection 阳极保护Magnesium [mæɡ’ni:zjəm] n.镁Reduction potential 还原电势Strong oxidizing、reducing agent 强氧化/还原剂Standard electrode potential 标准电极电势hydrogen[‘haidrədʒən] 氢Thermodynamic functions 热力学函数Free energy吉布斯自由能Copper [‘kɔpə] 铜Disproportionate [‘disprə’pɔ:ʃənit] adj. 不相称的, 不成比例的, 不均匀的;歧化Self-oxidizing/reducing agent 自氧化（还原）剂Ferrous 亚铁Ferric 三价铁句子理解1)Oxidation is the removal of electrons from, and reduction is the addition ofelectrons to an atom.氧化反应是原子失去电子，而还原反应是原子得到电子。