1.1 认识中英文的成分与语序成分：句子的主要组成部分，现代汉语中常见有：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语；英语中常见有：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、表语；语序：成分在句中的次序，比如最常见的“主语→谓语→宾语”。
具体请见下图（本讲只需了解“主谓宾状”这四种成分）1. 读上图，对比中英文的成分和语序回答问题：（1）由上图可知，中文和英文的表达中，基本相同，略有不同；（2）不同之处主要体现在的位置和排序上:•中文里的置于主语和谓语之间，排序为: →→。
•英文里的置于末尾，通常排序为: →→。
2. “主谓宾”是句子的主要成分, 但是宾语并不是句子的必要成分, 也有很多句子只有“主＋谓”。
如: I know. 我知道。
I see. 我明白。
I ran. 我跑了。
3. “状语”是句子的补充成分，状语的位置是没有限制性，你也可以根据需要把它放在句首或句中。
如: In the morning, I go to school. 早上，我去上学了。
I often go to the school. 我经常去学校。
4. 写作或翻译的时候，可以先把句子的主要成分“主谓宾”或“主谓”部分先写出来，再加“状语”。
翻译：我每天都在学校踢足球。
.她每天都在公园跳舞。
.1.1习题一．填空现代汉语中，句子的主要成分有：；英语中，句子的主要成分有：。
在句子“We read English everyday.”中：主语是（动作的）；谓语（动词）是（主语）；宾语是（动作的）；everyday作为，用来补充说明。
二．按要求补写句子1. 中文：我读书。
英文：I read books.加方式状语：我读书。
I read books loudly.加地点状语：我读书。
I read books .加时间和地点状语：我读书。
I read books . 加地点和方式状语：我读书。
I read books . 同时加时间、地点和方式：我读书。
I read books .2. 中文：我跑步。
英文：I run.加方式状语：我跑步。
I run slowly.加时间状语：我跑步。
I run .加时间和地点状语：我跑步。
I run .同时加时间、地点和方式：我跑步。
I run .三．按要求造英文句（句子不得重复）1.主语＋谓语：2.主语＋谓语＋宾语：3.主＋谓＋宾＋时间和地点状语：4.主＋谓＋宾＋地点和方式状语：5.主＋谓＋宾＋时间和方式状语：6.主＋谓＋宾＋时间、地点和方式状语：1.2 认识四种动词重点补充：1. 一个完整的句子中，必须要有实义动词或系动词，可能会有助动词或情态动词。
2. 助动词/情态动词只能辅助实义动词或系动词使用，不能单独使用。
练习.综合1.&2.判断下列句子的对错（√）（×）,如果错误请在横线上写出理由。
1. She is good. ( )2. She doesn’t good. ( )3. She can go home. ( )4. She will fine. ( )5. He is tall. ( )6. He must in the school. ( )7. She at home. ( ) 8. She may at home. ( )9. Tim doesn’t feel good. ( )1.系动词意义：用于连接主语与后面的部分，说明主语的身份、状态、特征、位置等情况。
be 动词、look 、sound 、taste 、smell 、feel...例句1. 表示身份：I am a student. 我是一个学生。
2. 表示状态：I feel good. 我感觉很好。
3. 表示特征：I look tall.我看起来很高。
4. 表示位置：I am at home.我在家。
2.实义动词意 义: 用于表示某种行为、动作，有完整的词义，也称为“行为动词”，do 做/进行，eat 吃，go 走，like 喜欢，have 有/吃/喝…1. I do my homework. 我做家庭作业。
2. I have an apple. 我有一个苹果。
3. I eat a fish. 我吃一条鱼。
3.助动词意义: 用来帮助实义动词和部分系动词构成强调/否定/疑问/时态/语态等结构特征, 无实际词义。
代表词：do/does/did ，will/shall ，be 动词，have/has/had 1.构成强调：I do eat fish. 我确实吃鱼。
2.构成否定： I don’t eat fish. 我不吃鱼。
3.构成疑问：Do you eat fish? 你吃鱼吗？4.构成将来时：I will eat a fish. 我将会吃一条鱼。
5.构成进行时：I am eating a fish. 我正在吃鱼。
6.构成完成时：I have eaten a fish. 我吃完了一条鱼。
4.情态动词也称"情态助动词", 用来帮助实义动词或系动词,表示说话者对某种行为/状态的看法或态度。
代表词: can, must, may •••1. I can eat fish. 我可以吃鱼。
2. I must eat fish. 我必须吃鱼。
3. I may eat fish. 我可能会吃鱼。
3.通过以上的定义和例句，判断下列句中的be动词是系动词还是助动词？1.She is a cook. ( )2.She is cooking. ( )3.She is tall. ( )4.She is a tall girl. ( )5.She is at home. ( )6.She is staying at home. ( )7.She will be a runner. ( )8.She will be running at 7:00 tomorrow morning. ( )判断依据：当be动词用来连接主语和后面的部分，说明主语的身份、状态、特征或位置等情况时，为系动词；当be动词无词义，只是帮助后面动词构成“进行时”时，为助动词。
4.通过以上的定义和例句，判断下列句中的have/has/had是实义动词还是助动词？（注：got是get的过去分词，eaten是eat的过去分词）1.He has a new bag. ( )2.He has got a new bag.. ( )3.They have some apples to eat. ( )4.They have eaten some apples. ( )5.I am having lunch. ( )6.I want to have some coffee. ( )判断依据：当have/has/had 有词义，可翻译成“有、吃、喝”等意思时，为实义动词；当have/has/had无词义，只是帮助后面动词构成“完成时”时，为助动词。
5.通过以上的定义和例句，判断下列句中的do/does/did是实义动词还是助动词？1.I don’t like running. ( )2.She doesn’t do housework. ( ) ( )3.Tom is doing her homework. ( )4.I don’t want to do housework. ( ) ( )5.Tom does like swimming. ( )6.Do you have lunch. ( )7.Did you swim this morning? ( )8.I did some housework this morning. ( )判断依据：当do/does/did有词义，可翻译成“做”时，为实义动词；当它们无词义，只是帮助后面动词构成强调、否定、疑问等结构时，为助动词。
1.2习题一.根据讲义内容填空&回答问题1. 系动词用于连接 ，说明主语的 、 、 、 等情况，常见有 、 、 、 、 、 • • • ；2. 实义动词用于表示 ，有完整的 ，也称为 ；3. 助动词主要用来帮助 或 构成 、 、 、、 等结构特征，并无 ；（1）助动词 用来帮助构成 、 、 。
举例： ① ；② ；③ ；（2）助动词 用来帮助构成 时：举例： ；（3）助动词 用来帮助构成 时：举例： ；（4）助动词 用来帮助构成 时：举例： 。
4.情态动词的全称为“ ”也是用来帮助 或 的，常见如 等，主要用来表示说话者 。
5. 助动词和实义动词最大的区别是什么？答：6.have/has/had 作助动词时的作用什么？答：Have/has/had 作助动词时是用来举例：7.be动词作助动词时的作用什么（举例）？答：be动词作助动词时是用来举例：8. be动词作系动词时的作用是什么？答：be动词作系动词时是用来 举例：1.2.3.4.9.如何区分do/does/did是实义动词还是助动词？（1）举例：（2） 举例：二. 用所给动词造句1.系动词 are:2.系动词 look:3.系动词 feel:4.系动词 sound：5.实义动词like：6.实义动词have：7.助does+实义eat：8.助do+实义sing:9.助动词have：10.助will+系动词be:11.助will+实义fly:12.情态must+实义come:13.情态can+实义go:三．找出下句中的动词“①实义动词”、“②系动词”、“③助动词”、“④情态动词”例: I don’t like playing basketball.③ ① ①1.Do you want to have lunch?2.I have eaten an apple.3.This room is very untidy.4.He will be better.5.Where did you go?6.He is in the kitchen. He is cooking dinner.7.I must go to the butcher’s.8.We need some meat.9.I feel very well.10.I have a terrible toothache.11.The apple doesn’t taste good.12.She is at the bus stop.13.Shall we go?14.I want to go home.15.She was swimming when I saw her.16.Don’t be late.1.3实义动词的六种形式与相关搭配一．实义动词的六种形式：动词原形第三人称单数过去式过去分词现在分词/动名词不定式do does did done doing to dohave has had had having to haveget gets got got getting to geteat eats ate eaten eating to eatwrite writes wrote written writting to write 补充：be动词be is were/was been beingto be二．动词间的搭配三．小学常见的词组搭配1.＋动词原形(do)：Don’t do sth.不要做某事；let sb do sth.让某人做某事；help sb do sth.帮助某人做某事have to do sth.不得不做某事；’d(had) better do sth.最好做某事；be glad to do sth.很高兴做某事2.＋动词-ing(doing)：3.＋不定式(to do)：1.助动词＋实义动词do/does/did + 动词原形2.情态(助)动词＋实义动词can/must/may...+ 动词原形构成强调、否定、疑问will/shall+动词原形构成将来时be动词+现在分词构成进行时have/has/had+过去分词构成完成时3.实义动词＋实义动词like go ••••• + doing／want•••••+ to do1.3习题一.写出下列动词的另外五种形式eat - - - - -get - - - - -have- - - - -be - - - - -二. 用所给动词的正确形式填空1.She does (like) her dog.2.She doesn’t (like) her dog.3.She will (do) her housework.4.She is (do) her housework.5.She has (do) her housework.6.She can (do) her housework.7.She may (come) home early.8.They are (play) basketball.9.She likes (fly) kites.10.She wants (make) cakes.11.She must (am) home this evening.12.She wants to go (shop).三.找出下文中的8处搭配错误，先划出错误的动词形式，再写上正确结果.Tom is a student. He likes play football. And he can palys football very well. But his football is old. His birthday is come. His mother wants buy a new football for him. He can playing it every day. But he must does his homework on time(准时). He will goes shop with his mother. So he is very happy.1. 2. 3. 4.5. 6. 7. 8.四．用动词的适当形式填空1.It’s good for (write).2.Let’s (make) a cake now.3.He can (skate) better than Mike.4.My parents have(get) some oranges.5.Tom wants to (is) an actor in the future.6.Let me (help) you find your story book.7.I can go(hike) with my friends on Sundays.8.You must ( listen) to your teacher in class.9.Don’t (draw) on the desk.10.No （smoke）in the park.11.I’d like (climb) the tree.12.He’s interested in (read).13.Don’t forget (open) the door.14.They are busy (go) over their lessons.15.It's time for us (read) books.16.Stop (walk). The traffic light is red.17.Nearly all of you know these about (read).18.I’m glad to (get) a story book from Wang Shi.19.I think we’d better (make) a shopping list first.20.Thank you and your parents for (help) me today.21.I enjoy (swim) after school.22.She likes(write) stories about them.23.He will go (fish) with his parents next week.24.It is raining now. You’d better (take) an umbrella.25.My mother asked me (buy) some books yesterday.26.Linda can swim very fast. She is good at .(swim)27.Children’s Day is (come), our parents would like (buy) things for us.28.How many students want (be) a doctor?29.We shall (learn) the English song soon.30.Would you like to go (shop) with me?1.4 五种基本时态我们通常所说的“时态”在英语中反映的是两个不同的概念：时(tense)＋态(aspect.也可称作“体”），组合在一起构成了“时态”。