高一英语名词性从句名词性从句是复合句的一种，前几年高考主要考查宾语从句中用陈述语序以及连接词的选择等问题；近几年对名词性从句的考查趋于复杂灵活，往往把它与定语从句和状语从句的知识点放在一起考查，对名词性从句的考查主要有语序问题、时态的呼应问题和连接词的选择。

在单项选择题中，近几年题干语境越来越丰富，句子结构也越来越复杂，其中名词性从句所引起的句子结构的复杂化占了较大比例，命题人侧重于对复杂句子结构的考查，是因为能否分析复杂句子结构是掌握英语语言的重要能力之一，所以我们可以断言，以后的高考题对名词性从句的考查还会倍加青睐。

一、在句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

如：Whether he will come here or not is unimportant to me.（主语从句）I don’t know what he means.（宾语从句）I’m glad that you are here.（宾语从句用在形容词之后）The teacher is satisfied with what you have done.（介词宾语从句）That was because he was ill.（表语从句）The news that he got killed in the race surprised us all.（同位语从句）引导主语从句的连接词主要有三类：连接词that，whether；连接代词what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等；连接副词when，where，why，how等。

1．连接词that，whether引导①That the college wiU take in more new students this year is true．今年这大学将招收更多新生是真的。

②Whether he can finish his task on time is of great importance．他是否能按时完成任务非常重要。

特别提示(1)if不能引导主语从句。

(2)形式主语it替代主语从句。

常见的it替代主语从句的句式主要有以下几种：A．It+系动词+形容词+that从句。

如：It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure．很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。

B．It+系动词+名词+that从句。

如：It is our hope that the two sides will work towards peace．我们的希望是双方能朝着和平方向发展。

C．It+be+v．ed形式+that从句。

如：It is announced that the plan has been successfully carried out．据宣布计划已经顺利实施。

2．连接代词引导①What we can’t get seems better than what we already have．我们得不到的东西似乎比拥有的东西好。

②who the letter was from is still unknown．这封信是谁寄出的还不清楚。

③Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize．你们当中第一个到达这里的人将获得奖项。

3．连接副词引导①How acupuncture reduces and relieves pain is unclear．针灸是如何减轻和解除疼痛的还不清楚。

②why dinosaurs suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery．恐龙为什么突然消失了还是个谜。

主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。

1.it 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较it 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。

而it 引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。

被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。

如：It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film.你没去看那场电影真是遗憾。

It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.你成功与否对我没有什么吸引力。

2.用it 作形式主语的结构1)It is ＋名词＋从句It is a fact that ...事实是……It is an honor that...非常荣幸It is common knowledge that...……是常识2)it is ＋形容词＋从句It is natural that...很自然……It is strange that...奇怪的是……3)it is ＋不及物动词＋从句It seems that...似乎……It happened that...碰巧……4)it ＋过去分词＋从句It is reported that...据报道……It has been proved that...已证实……3.主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况1)if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。

2)It is said ，(reported)...结构中的主语从句不可提前。

如：据说江主席下周要来我校视察。

It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week.(right)That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said.(wrong)3)It happens...，It occurs... 结构中的主语从句不可提前。

如：他考试没及格。

It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.(right)That he failed in the examination occurred to him.(wrong)4)It doesn’t matter how/whether ...结构中的主语从句不可提前。

如：他是不是错了，这一点不重要。

It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.(right)Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter.(wrong)5)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。

如：傍晚有可能下雨吗？Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? (right)Is that will rain in the evening likely? (wrong)4.what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别what 引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语、宾语、表语，而that 则不然。

如：What you said yesterday is right. 你昨天说的是对的。

二、宾语从句引导宾语从句的连接词主要有三类：连接词that，whether，if等，连接代词what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等，连接副词when，where，why，how等。

1．连接词that，whether，if引导①I think(that)you should turn to the teacher for help．我认为你应该向老师寻求帮助。

②I don’t know if/whether he still lives here after so many years．我不知道这么多年后他是否还住这儿。

特别提示1whether/if都意为“是否”。

一般情况下，它们可以互换，口语中常用if，但以下情况中，只能用whether。

(1)与or not紧接连用时。

如：Let me knoW whether or not you can come．请让我知道你是否能来。

(2)作介词的宾语从句时。

如：We are interested in whether you will attend the meeting．我们对你是否参加会议感兴趣。

2．连接代词和连接副词引导连接代词有what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等，连接副词有when，where，why，how等。

如：①She asked me whose handwriting was the best in the class．她问我班上谁的书法最好。

②I’11 just say whatever comes into my mind．我想到什么就说什么。

③Do you know when the ancient Olympic Games began?你知道古代的奥运会是什么时间开始的吗?④I’ve been thinking about how we can make the newspaper more interesting．我一直在考虑如何使我们的报纸更用趣。

3．宾语从句的语序在宾语从句中要用陈述句语序。

如：①He asked me when we could set out the next day．他问我第二天什么时候可以出发。

②Did you find out where she lost her car?你查出她在哪里丢的车了吗?4．宾语从句的时态(1)当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时，其宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当的时态。

如：①She says(that)she works from Monday to Friday．她说她周一至周五上班。

(从句是一般现在时)②she says(that)she will leave a message on his desk．她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。

(从句是一般将来时)③She says(that)she has never been to Mount Emei．她说她从来没有去过峨眉山。

(从句是现在完成时)(2)当主句的谓语动词是一般过去式时，其宾语从句的时态一般要用适当的过去时态。

如：①He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon．他说昨天下午没有课。