But in 1912, a Franco-Spanish agreement divided Morocco into 4 administrative zones. Morocco gained independence in 1956 and became a constitutional monarchy in 1957. Morocco is a member of the United Nations, the League of Arab States, and the Organization of African Unity. most of the people of Morocco are Muslims,Islamis the state religion and Arabic is the official language, but French and Spanish are also spoken.
Ⅲ.
Detailed Studn of the text ▲main idea of each part ▲ questions to discuss ▲ Key words, phrases and difficult sentences

Unit 2 Marrakech
By George Orwell
Objectives of Lesson Two


To familiarize students with the background knowledge of George Orwell, Morocco, French colonies, Marrakech; Jews To learn expository writing; To analyze the theme and the writer’s opinion of colonialism.
Evils of colonialism
Scene 1 (1-3)
Scene 2 (4-7)
Scene 3 (8-15)
Scene 4 (6-18)
Scene 5 (19-21)
Scene 6 (22-26)
Scene 1: The burial of the poor inhabitants (para 1-3) The idea: Life is cheap. People are so poor that they can not afford proper burials. Scene 2: The begging of bread of an employee (para 4-7) The idea: Life is poor. People can‘t afford proper food. Scene 3: Living condition of the Jews (para 8-15) The idea: Jews live in great poverty and under prejudice. Scene 4: Cultivation of soil (para 16-18) The idea: Hard way of making a living. Scene 5: Life of women (para 19-21) The idea: Miserable life of old women, no better than a donkey Scene 6: the soldiers (para 22-26) The idea: The negroes‘ attitude towards the whites
Six Scenes to expose the evils of colonialism

Why did the writer choose these scenes? What do you think they represent? Do you think these scenes are effective to achieve the writer’s purpose?
His well-known essays: Shooting an elephant A Hanging Marrakech Politics and the English Language
Orwell’s Rules for writers


Never use metaphor, simile, or other figure of speech which you are used to seeing in print. Never use a long word where a short one will do. If it is possible to cut a word out, always cut it out. Never use the passive voice where you can use the active. Never use a foreign phrase, a scientific word, or a jargon word if you can think of an everyday English equivalent. Break any of these rules sooner than say anything outright barbarous.
Marrakech in Morocco




Location: In west central Morocco, at the Northern foot of the high Atlas. 130 miles south of Casablanca, the chief seaport. It is the principal commercial centers of Morocco. It has extremely hot summers but mild winters. It was captured by the French in 1912. The city was formerly also called Morocco.
Morocco



Location: In North Africa, on the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, Morocco is the farthest west of all the Arab countries. Capital: Rabat Population: about 18,000.000 Brief history: Morocoo was inhabited in
Scene 1: The burial of the poor inhabitants (para 1-3) Life is cheap. People are so poor that they can not afford proper burials.


Orwell argued that writers have an obligation of fighting social injustice, oppression, and the power of totalitarian regimes Orwell is famous for his terse lucid prose style and good at the appropriate use of simple but forceful words to describe objectively the scenes before his eyes.
Organization of the text: Questions to discuss: 1. In order to show the poverty of the city and expose the evils of colonialism, the writer chooses some typical scenes and pictures. What are they? 2.It seems that this essay consists of several separative pictures, then what gives the essay coherence?
Detailed Analysis of the Text
1) Which sentence expresses the theme of the text? (or : Which is the thesis statement?) All colonial empires are in reality founded upon this fact (para.3) 2) What is the theme of the text? The author denounces the evils of colonialism. He mercilessly exposes poverty, misery and degradation of the native people in the colonies. These people are not considered nor are they treated as human beings.

the stone age by cave dwellers; about 2000B.C. it was settled by Berber tribes, who had formed the basis of the population ever since; The Arabs invaded Morocco in the 7th century,bringing with Islam; from the end of the 17th century until the early 19th century Morocco was almost entirely free from foreign influence.