---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ 英语语法专项:动词不定式用法归纳及练习答案动词不定式用法归纳动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句中不能独立作谓语。
但动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词特征,在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。
另外,动词不定式具有动词特点,可以有自己的宾语和状语,组成动词不定式短语。
动词不定式的肯定形式是 to+do;其否定形式是 not to+do。
1.作主语可以直接作主语。
如: To see is to believe.但在英语中,常用 it 作形式主语,真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。
如: It's wrong to play tricks on other people. It's our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy.(Lesson 10).点击规律:动词不定式在句中作主语时,常放在 It is +adj.(形容词)+to do sth.或 It is + n.(名词)+to do sth.句型中,it 仅作形式主语。
2.作宾语 a.以下动词只能 to do 作宾语。
attempt 企图 enable 能够 neglect 忽视 afford 负担得起demand 要求 long 渴望 arrange 安排 mean 意欲,打算 begin 开始 expect 期望 appear 似乎,显得 determine 决定 manage 设法 cease 停止 hate 憎恨,厌恶 pretend 假装 ask 问 need 需要1/ 7agree 同意 desire 愿望 love 爱 swear 宣誓 volunteer 志愿wish 希望 bear 承受 endeavor 努力 offer 提供 beg 请求 fail 不能 plan 计划 bother 扰乱;烦恼 forget 忘记 prefer 喜欢,宁愿 care 关心,喜欢 happen 碰巧 prepare 准备 decide 决定learn 学习regret 抱歉,遗憾choose 选择hesitate 犹豫profess 表明 claim 要求 hope 希望 promise 承诺,允许 start 开始undertake 承接want 想要intend 想要refuse 拒绝decide 决定 learn 学习 contrive 设法,图谋 incline 有… 倾向propose 提议 seek 找,寻觅 try 试图 b.love,like ,begin,start,hate ,prefer 等词后面可以接不定式。
点击规律:上述动词后面除接不定式外,还可以接动名词,意思无很大区别。
提示板:like doing 指经常性动作,而 like to do 指一次性的动作。
如: I like swimming,but I don't like to swim now.我喜欢游泳,但我现在不想游。
c.stop,forget,remember,go on ,try 等词或短语后面可以接不定式。
点击规律:上述动词后面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。
1)stop to do sth.:停止一件事,去做另一件事。
stop doing sth.:停止正在做的事。
例句: When the teacher came in , the students stopped---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ talking ; when he came out , the students stopped to talk.当老师走进来时,学生们停止说话;当老师走出去时,学生们又开始说话。
2)思考:forget,remember,go on,try 等词或短语后面接不定式和动名词用法有何区别? d.在 find/feel+it+adj.+to do sth.句型中,it 是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。
如: The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep. I feel it easy to recite the text.点击规律:某些动词或短语后面既可以接动词不定式作宾语,又可接动名词作宾语,二者用法上的区别可以通过造句子加以区分,如上面 stop 例句。
3.作宾语补足语 a.下面的动词要求不定式做宾补:动词+宾语+动词不定式 ask 要求,邀请 get 请,得到 prompt 促使 allow 允许 forbid 禁止 prefer 喜欢,宁愿 announce13/ 7宣布 force 强迫 press 迫使 bride 收买 inspire 鼓舞request 请求 assist 协助 hate 憎恶 pronounce 断定,表示advise 劝告 exhort 告诫,勉励 pray 请求 authorize 授权,委托help 帮助 recommend 劝告,推荐 bear 容忍 implore 恳求 remind 提醒 beg 请求 induce 引诱 report 报告 compel 强迫 invite 吸引,邀请,summon 传唤 command 命令 intend 想要,企图 show 显示 drive 驱赶 mean 意欲,打算 train 训练 cause 引起 instruct 指示require 要求deserve 应受leave 使,让tell 告诉direct 指导 like 喜欢 tempt 劝诱 entitle 有资格 order 命令warn 告诫enable 使能够need 需要urge 激励,力说encourage 鼓励 oblige 不得不 want 想要 condemn 指责,谴责lead 引起,使得 teach 教 entreat 恳求 permit 允许 wish 希望I tell him not to go there by bus . Edison's mother taught him to read and write. b.let,make,have,see,hear,feel,watch, notice 后面接不带 to 的不定式作宾补。
如: The boss makes them work 16 hours a day. I heard her sing in the next room.提示板:若变成被动语态,在上述结构中,不定式符号 to 要加上。
如: They are made to work 16 hours a day by the boss. She was heard to sing in the next room. 4.作定语:放在被修饰的名词、代词后面例句:I have a lot of work to do.The doctor said he could do nothing to help the boy.点击规律:动词不定式若---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ 在句中作定语,常放在被修饰的名词、代词之后。
提示板:如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系,若动词是不及物动词,切记不要忘掉介词。
如: I have a small bedroom to live in. Have you got some pens to write with? 5.表语:放在连系动词 be 后面例句:His wish is to become a scientist.The first important thing is to save the soldiers'lives.当务之急是抢救战士们的生命。
点击规律:动词不定式在句中作表语时,通常对连系动词前面的名词进行诠释说明。
6.作状语 a.目的状语:放在 go,come,use,live,in order 等词后面。
如: I come to see you. He runs fast in order to get there in time.b.原因状语:放在sorry,glad,surprised,disappointed,excited 等词后面。
如: I am glad to see you here. I am sorry to trouble you. c.作结果状语。
如: Some of the apples are hard to reach. The room is large enough to hold 1000 people. 7.与 what,who,whose,when,where, how 等疑问词连用,作宾语、宾语补足语、主语等。
如: I don't know what to do next.(宾语) He taught us how to use the computer.(宾语补足语) It's still a question5/ 7how to get there.(主语)2---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ 巩固练习:根据句意,用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。
1.It's time for us _____(have)supper. 2.Would you like_____(go)shopping with me? 3.It took us half an hour_____(work)out the problem. 4.He is old enough_____(join)the army. 5.I feel strange_____(have)a twin sister. 6.I am very glad_____(meet)you here. 7.They prefer_____(stay)at home rather than go out. 8.We saw them_____(come)into the room just now. 9.What he said made me_____(feel)sorry. 10.I am sorry.I forgot_____(tell)you the news. 11.His plan is_____(spend)a few days in the mountains. 12.Have you got anything_____(say)? 13.Have you decided which one_____(choose)? 14.Do you know when_____(start)? 15.He is too weak_____(carry)the big stone.Key: 1.to have; 2.to go 3.to work 4.to join 5.to have 6.to meet 7.to stay 8.come 9.feel 10.to tell 11.to spend 12.to say 13.to choose 14.to start 15.to carry37/ 7。