形容词和副词讲义及演练一．形容词1.修饰名词，描述其性质、品质、特征等的词。
一般“…的”的词都是形容词。
如：She is a beautiful girl. (漂亮的)2.在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语。
如：I have an interesting book. (interesting有趣的，修饰book，在句中作定语) We are happy today. (happy快乐的，在句中作表语)Students should keep their classroom clean and tidy.(clean干净的，tidy整洁的，在句中都作宾语补足语)3.多个形容词同时修饰一个名词时的排列顺序限定词+外观类+形状+年龄+颜色+国籍+材料+名词（简记：县官行令色国才）如：a tall 17-year-old black American boy. 一个17岁的高个子黑皮肤美国男孩。
the big round red wooden table. 又大又圆的红色木质饭桌。
二．副词：1.通常修饰动词，表示动作的程度、方式等。
还可修饰形容词、副词，有时修饰整个句子，在句中作状语。
一般“…地”的词都是副词。
如：You must listen to the teacher carefully.(仔细地，认真地)2.副词的分类1) 时间副词: now, today等2）频度副词：always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never2) 地点副词：here, there, upstairs, downstairs等3) 方式副词：carefully, fast, well, politely等4) 程度副词: much, little, quite等5) 疑问副词: how, when, where, why等三．形容词转化成副词1.一般在形容词后加ly, 如：quick-quickly2.以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词，变y为i, 加ly, 如：happy-happily3.以ue 结尾的形容词，去e加ly, 如：true-truly注：有些词兼有形容词和副词的词性，如：fast, hard, high, late, far等，它们的词性只有通过具体语境来判断。
另外，有些以ly结尾的词不是副词，而是形容词，如：friendly, lovely lonely, lively等。
四．形容词和副词的比较级、最高级构成1.比较级：两者之间进行比较时形容词和副词的变化形式，如tall-taller, well-better2.最高级：三者或三者以上进行比较时形容词和副词的变化形式，如long-longest3.比较级和最高级的变化规则：规则变化（单音节和少数双音节）：a.在词尾直接加-er/est, 如：short-shorter-shortestb.词尾是e，只加-r/st, 如：nice-nicer-nicestc.以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i 再加-er/est, 如：happy-happier-happiestd.重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母，再加-er/est,如：big-bigger-biggeste.其他双音节词和多音节词，其前加more/most, 如：more/most delicious不规则变化：如下表（简记为：好、坏、多、少、远）1. 原级的用法：用于两者之间对比，意思为“……和……相同”相当于the same as…肯定句：A+动词.+as+形容词/副词原级+as BTom is as honest as Jack. Jack runs as fast as Peter.否定句：A+动词.+not as/so.+形容词/副词原级+as BThis tree is not as/so tall as that one.2. 比较级的用法:1）A+动词+形容词/副词比较级+than+ BSusan is happier than Jane. Lily run faster than Mary注：形容词/副词比较级前还可以用much, even, still, a little，far, a lot, a bit来修饰。
2）数字（倍数）+形容词/副词比较级+thanI’m two years older than you.Our classroom is twice bigger than yours.3）比较级+and+比较级，表示“越来越……”The earth is getting warmer and warmer.4）the +比较级，the +比较级，表示“越……, 就越……”The more, the better. 越多越好。
（多多益善）3. 最高级用法：用于三者及以上的人或事物的比较,最高级前加the，最高级前有物主代词，序数词和名词所有格时，不加定冠词，后面跟带in或of表范围的短语。
1）one of the +最高级Shanghai is one of the most beautiful cities in China.2）比较级句型表达最高级意义A+动词+比较级+than+any other+B(单数)如：The Changjiang River is longer than any other river in China.A+动词+比较级+than+the other+B(复数)如：The Changjiang River is longer than the other rivers in China.以上两句意思相当于：The Changjiang River is the longest river in China.随堂演练（满分100分）一、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级、最高级(23*1分=23分)old________ young_______ tall______ long________short________ strong________ big________ small_______fat________ thin__________ heavy______ light________nice________ good_________ beautiful_________ ________low_________ high_________ slow_______ fast________late_________ early_________ far_________ well_______二、根据句意填入单词的正确形式：（23*1分=23分）1. My brother is two years __________(old)than me.2. Tom is as ________(fat) as Jim.3. Is your sister __________(young) than you? Yes,she is.4. Who is ___________(thin),you or Helen? Helen is.5. Whose pencil-box is __________(big),yours or hers? Hers is.6. Mary’s hair is as __________(long) as Lucy’s.7.Ben ______ (jump) ________ (high) than some of the boys in his class.8.________ Nancy sing __________ (well) than Helen? Yes, she _____.9.Fangfang is not as _________ (tall) as the other girls.10.My eyes are __________(big) than ________ (she)..11.Which is ___________(heavy),the elephant or the pig?12.Who gets up _________(early),Tim or Tom?13._____the girls get up_______(early) than the boys?No,they______.14. Jim runs _____(slow). But Ben runs _____(slow).15.The child doesn’t_____(write) as ____(fast) as the students.三、小小翻译家：（62*0.5分=31分）1、谁比Jim年纪大？是你。
________ is _________than Jim？________ are.2、谁比David更强壮？是Gao Shan. ________ _________ than David? Gao Shan ________.3、谁的铅笔更长，他的还是她的？我想是她的。
_________ pencil is _________,______or________？________is,I think.4、谁的苹果更重，你的姐姐的还是你的弟弟的？我的弟弟的。
_________ apples ________ ________,your _______ or your _______? My ____________ ___________.5、你和你的叔叔一样高吗？是的。
_________ ________as _________as your uncle?Yes,I am.6、他和他的朋友Jim一样年轻。
He _______ as __________ as ________ ________ Jim.7、她和她的双胞胎哥哥一样胖吗？不，她比他瘦。
________ ________ as _________ as______ twin _______? No, _________ _________ than him.8.Yang Ling每天睡得比SuYang晚。
Yang Ling ________ to _______ ________ than Su Yang every day.9.我跳得和Mike一样远。
I _________ as _______ as Mike.10.Tom比你跑得快吗？不是的,他和我跑得一样快。
____ Tom _____ _____ than you?No,he _______. He_____ as_____ as_____.11.多做运动，你会更强壮。