头颈部断面解剖学基础
前面观 后面观
筛骨
颚骨
二、副鼻窦
三、颅底内、外面观复习
四、脑的结构
1. 端脑的外形
岛叶
2. 端脑的白质
Different areas of the cerebral cortex communicate extensively with one another, and with the brain stem and spinal cord via the many axons that form the cerebral white matter. Most of these fibers are myelinated and bundled into large tracts.
These fibers and tracts are classified as (1) commissural, (2) association, and (3) projection, according to where they run.
A. Commissural Fibers
胼胝体
C. Projection Fibers
•Projection fibers either descend from the cerebral cortex to more caudal parts of the CNS or ascend to the cerebral cortex from lower regions of the CNS.
左侧半球内的基底核和丘脑
4. 脑室
Lateral Ventricles
前角
室间孔以前的部分, 伸 入额叶, 冠状断面上呈 三角形。
前壁-胼胝体膝 顶壁-胼胝体膝 内侧壁-透明隔 外侧壁-尾状核头
中央部
位于室间孔和胼胝体压 部之间,呈斜形裂隙。
上壁-胼胝体干 内侧壁-透明隔 下壁-穹窿体、丘脑上
穹窿
穹窿和前连合
弓状纤维
B. Association Fibers
上纵束 钩束
豆状核
下纵束
Association fibers connect different parts of the same hemisphere. Short association fibers connect neighboring cortical areas, whereas long association fibers connect widely separated cortical lobes.
BASIS OF SECTIONAL ANATOMY OF HEAD
Max Song
Department of Anatomy, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology
一、几个特殊的颅骨
颞骨
蝶骨
The commissural fibers run between the two hemispheres. Specifically, they interconnect corresponding gray areas of the right and left hemispheres, allowing the two hemispheres to function together as a coordinated whole.
Sixth Ventricle
位于第五脑室后方的穹窿 联合和胼胝体之间,也称 为Verga腔或穹窿室。
该脑室借穹窿柱与第五脑 室隔开,也可与第五脑室 相通。
该脑室也可异常扩大致脑 脊液循环受阻,引起颅内 压增高。
第五、六脑室并非真正的 脑室,因为它们并不与脑 室系统相通。它们常同时 存在,可视为脑发育上的 变异。
The largest commissure is the corpus callosum, a broad band that lies superior to the lateral ventricles, deep within the longitudinal fissure.
扣带 外侧纵纹 内侧纵纹
内囊与基底核和丘脑的关系
内囊与基底核和丘脑的关系
3. 基底核
Deep within the cerebral white matter lies a group of nuclei collectively called the basal nuclei. They are the caudate, lentiform, Claustrum and amygdala nuclei.
Third Ventricle
为位于两侧背侧丘脑和下 丘脑之间的狭窄间隙。
顶-室管膜、软脑膜 底-下丘脑(视交叉、漏
斗、灰结节、乳头体) 前壁-前连合、穹窿柱、
终板 后壁-缰连合、松果体、
后连合 侧壁-背侧丘脑、下丘脑
视隐窝、松果体隐窝、 松果体上隐窝
Mesencephalic Aqueduct, & Fourth Ventricles
在背侧丘脑的后下方弯向 前下伸入颞叶,最大,其 长轴与颞上沟一致。
顶-胼胝体、尾状核尾、 杏仁核
底-海马伞、海马、侧副 隆起组成。侧副隆起 位于下角底的外侧, 为侧副沟皮质伸入下 角形成,其后端膨大 称侧副三角。底的内 侧主要为海马,它是 海马沟皮质卷入下角 形成。其前端膨大称 海马足。
侧脑室中央部、下角、和 后角交汇处称为侧脑室三 角区。
•It is through projection fibers that sensory information reaches the cerebral cortex, and motor instructions leave it. These fibers run vertically, whereas most commissural and association fibers run horizontally.
Internal Capsule
Deep to the cerebral white matter, the projection fibers form a compact bundle called the internal capsule, which passes between the thalamus and lentiform nucleus and caudate nucleus.
Roof of Fourth Ventricle
Fifth Ventricle
位于两侧透明隔之间,又 称为透明隔腔。
前----胼胝体膝 后----穹窿柱 上----胼胝体干 下----胼胝体嘴和前联合
大多数情况下,该脑室不 与其它脑室相通。但该脑 室有时会形成囊肿,可阻 塞室间孔,从而导致脑脊 液循环障碍,引起颅内压 增高。
内囊与基底核和丘脑的关系
(半卵圆中心)
Superior to the internal capsule, the projection fibers running to and from the cerebral cortex fan out to form the corona radiata.
面、侧脑室脉络 丛、尾状核等
禽距
后角球
后角
伸入枕叶两侧,常不对 称,呈短的三棱锥体形。
顶-胼胝体 外侧壁-胼胝体 内侧壁-由两个纵行的隆
起组成。背侧的 称为后角球由 胼胝体压部放射 到枕叶的纤维组 成;腹侧的较大, 称禽距,为距状 沟前部皮质陷入 形成。 下壁-由枕叶的白质构成
侧脑室三角区
下角