词性转换英语和汉语分属两个不同的语系，在语言的表达方式上存在着很大的差异。
如果在翻译过程中，把英语句子中的词性、句式照搬过来，则汉语译文会变成外国腔，使读者不易理解或无法理解。
使译文不通顺不流畅且带有明显的欧化语言，其中一个主要原因就是不善于应用词性转换和句子成分转换的翻译方法。
这种方法不仅指词性的改变，而且还包括词性作用的改变和句子词序的改变。
如原文中的名词可以转换成译文中的动词，原文中的介词可以转换成译文中的动词等等，反之亦然[1]。
例如：例1．The growing awareness by millions of Africans of their extremely poor and backward living conditions has prompted them to take resolute measures and create new ones．例2．Joseph beheld my style of cooking with growing indignation．(Wuthering Heights) 例3．The turning point of my life was my decision to give up a promising business career and study music．由于英汉两种语言表达方式不同，不应当机械地按英语原文词性译作汉语中同一词性，把名词译成名词，把动词译成动词等等。
为了确切表达原文的内容，就必须改变英语的语言形式．因此．在翻译过程中，词性转换是必然的，又是普遍的。
翻译不是字对字的单纯转换。
在翻译中，一种语言里属于某种词类的词并非一定要翻译成另一种语言的相应词类，而且也不可能这样做。
英汉语词性转换也有一定规律：英语多用名词和介词，而汉语则多用动词。
要使译文在译语语境中符合译语规范，充分传达实现译文预期功能所需的原语信息，通常需要根据英汉语的语言特点，进行词性之间的转换。
因此在翻译中，词性不予考虑，一切以译文能否自然流畅地传递意义为准。
一、英译汉词性转换：I. 名词转换A. 英语中大量由动词派生的名词和具有动作意义的名词可转译成汉语动词。
例4．Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe．例5．Some power plants are under construction．例6．The operation of a machine needs some knowledge of its performance．例7．The expansion of the steam in the cylinder causes some of the steam to condense．B. 英语中有些后缀-er或-or的名词，如teacher，smoker，thinker，translator等等，有时在句中并不指出其身份和职业，而是含有较强的动作意味，往往可译成动词。
如：I am not a smoker．我不抽烟。
又如：In the early 1600’s，the Hollanders were great farmers．C. 英语中有些抽象名词前加不定冠词，用作表语时，常译作汉语中的形容词。
例31．He is a stranger to the operation of the electronic computer．例32．The maiden voyage of the newly-built steamship was a success．II. 介词转换英语中有许多含有动作意味的介词，如across，past，along，toward等，汉译时往往可以译成动词。
例16．”Coming!”Away she skimmed over the lawn，up the path，up the steps，across the veranda，and into the porch．．例1 7．This computer is of high sensibility．例1 8．Machine parts of irregular shape can be washed very clean by ultrasonics．例19．The shaft turns about its axis．轴围绕它的轴心转动。
III.形容词转换A.有些英语中的形容词与系词构成复合谓语，许多英语形容词放在系动词后面，表达某种意识、情感或愿望、想法等心理状态。
，译成汉语时常可转换为动词。
常见的有：与思维和知觉相关的形容词：aware, conscious, certain, sure, mindful, ignorant, alert等；与情感相关的形容词：glad, pleased, cautious, careful, angry, happy, exhilarated, excited, confident, thankful, grateful, concerned, eager, afraid, doubtful, sorry等；与欲望相关的形容词：desirous, hopeful, anxious, keen, enthusiastic, zealous等。
I am anxious about his health.例12．Doctors have said that they are not sure they can save his life．(adj.→v.)例13．They are quite content with the data obtained from the experiment．例14．are you familiar with the performance of this type of transistor amplifier?B. 形容词与定冠词连用，表示一类人或物，汉译时转换为名词。
英语形容词转换为名词，有两种情况：根据全句意义或在形容词前加定冠词。
形容词前加定冠词转变为名词，一般作复数名词。
例28．After careful treatment the deaf have recovered their hearing．例29．They did their best to help the sick and the wounded.IV.副词转换A. 有些英语中的副词用作表语或宾语补足语，往往译作汉语中的动词。
例21．Their experiment has been over．例22．Have the oiling of the parts through before the machine is operated．例23．After careful investigation they found the design behind．例24．The oil in the tank has been up．B.在翻译过程中，由于动词变为名词，原来修饰动词的副词，相应变为形容词。
例34．The electronic computer is chiefly characterized by accuracy and quick computation．例35．In science and engineering，it is of great importance to state the laws and principles accurately．C. 副词转译成名词It is officially announced that China has successfully launched her fist manned spaceship.V. 动词转换英语中有很多由名词派生的动词，以及由名词转用的动词，在汉语中往往找不到相应的动词，这时可将其译成汉语名词。
例25．Formality has always characterized their relationship．例26．Gases differ from solids in that the formet have greater compressibility than the latter．二．汉译英词性转换1. 汉语动词转化为英语名词英语中名词结构占绝对优势，因此常用名词来表示汉语中的动词。
英语有词形变化，这大大丰富了英语的名词，有些动词只要在后面加上后缀就变成名词了。
汉译英时如果能适当地把动词转换为名词，则能使译文更自然，更凝练。
中国政府并非第一个以明确态度打击邪教的政府。
出版社在这样的时候，匆匆忙忙地为青少年大规模地出版粗制滥造的科幻小说，肯定会产生严重的后果。
参加培训班的学生将有大量机会“自己动手”，在最新一代的个人电脑上获得文字处理的实践机会。
坚定地致力于创新是我们在21世纪走向胜利所需要的领导才能。
2. 汉语动词转化为英语形容词服兵役能陶冶情操。
该办公大楼将自7月初交付使用。
有些国营饭店通常上菜慢，服务差，饭莱糟，厕所脏。
3. 汉语形容词转换为英语名词五年来，惠安石雕形成了“朴质细腻、形神兼备”的艺术风格和丰富的文化内涵。
你为什么恰恰不提这一点呢?她英语说得很好，日语一般也能应付。
Translate the following into English or Chinese according to what you have learned from this part.1. My admiration for him grew more.2. The international food shortage had a direct impact on Kuwait and other barren desert countries. （n.. →v. ）3. I have the honor to inform you that your request is granted.4. I am afraid I can’t teach you swimming．I think my little brother is a better teacher than I．5. Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study．6. Party officials worked long hours on meager food, in cold caves, by dim lamps.7. No one has ever seen a single atom or molecule even with the most powerful microscope．8. If we were ignorant of the structure of the atom，it would be impossible for us to study nuclear physics．9. Both of the substances are soluble in water.10. More rooms are being built to accommodate the sick．11. In this case the temperature in the furnace is up.12. When the switch is off, the circuit is open and electricity doesn’t go through. In this case the temperature in the furnace is up.13. The wide application of electronic cornputers affects tremendously the development of science and technology．14．He is physically weak but mentally sound. (adv.→n.)15. The development of scientific research in China is characterized by the integration of theory with practice．16. 中国政府承诺不对无核国家使用核武器。