1、汽车类型：the type of automobile汽车：motor vehicle，automobile载货车：truck 微型货车：mini-truck 轻型货车：light-truck中型货车：medium truck 重型货车：heavy truck 越野车：off-road vehicle自卸车：dump truck 牵引车：towing vehicle专用汽车：special purpose vehicle 客车：bus 轿车：passenger car微型轿车：mini-car 普通级轿车：subcompact car 中级轿车：compact car中高级轿车：intermediate car 高级轿车：limousine car2、汽车尺寸：dimension of vehicle车长：vehicle length 车宽：vehicle width 车高：vehicle height轴距：wheel space 轮距：track 前悬：front overhang后悬: rear overhang 最小离地间隙：ground clearance车轮外倾：camber angle 主销内倾: kingpin inclination 前束 toe-in3、发动机：engine发动机总体构造和工作原理：the construction and working principle汽油机gasoline engine 柴油机 diesel engine四冲程发动机four-stroke engine 单(多)缸发动机 single(multi)-cylinder engine 立（斜、卧）式发动机 vertical (inclined、horizontal) engine工作循环 working process进气（压缩、膨胀、排气）行程 suction(compression、 expansion 、exhaust) stroke 点火次序 firing order 上（下）止点 top(bottom) dead centre活塞行程 piston stroke 气缸工作容积 piston swept volume发动机排量 engine swept volume 充气系数 volumetric efficiency配气相位 valve timing 压缩比 compression ratio直接喷射 direct injection 间接喷射 indirect injection喷油压力injection pressure 电控喷射 electronic-controlled injection雾化 atomization 混合气浓度 mixture concentration可燃混合气 combustible mixture 空燃比 air-fuel ratio过量空气系数 excess air ratio 燃烧室 combustion chamber压燃 compression ignition 点燃 spark ignition抗暴性 antiknock quality 增压中冷 inter-cooling负荷 load 空载 no-load工况 working condition曲柄连杆机构：connecting rods and crankshaft缸盖 cylinder head 气缸 cylinder缸体 cylinder block 缸套 cylinder liner油底壳 oil pan 活塞 piston活塞环(销) piston ring(pin) 气（油）环 compression(oil control) ring连杆 connecting rod 曲柄 crank曲轴 crankshaft 飞轮 flywheel配气机构：valve gear凸轮（轴）cam(camshaft) 进（排）气阀 inlet (exhaust) valve挺柱 tappet 推杆 push-rod摇臂 rocker arm燃油供给系统：fuel system柱塞（转子）式喷油泵 jerk fuel injection pump喷油器 injector 调速器 governor发动机调速系统：engine speed governing排放控制系统：emission control system发动机冷却系统：engine cooling system发动机润滑系统：engine lubrication system发动机点火系统：engine ignition system发动机起动系统：engine starting system4、汽车底盘术语离合器：clutch摩擦离合器 friction clutch（单盘single plate、双盘twin double plate、多盘multi-plate、膜片弹簧diaphragm spring、自动automatic、电磁electromagnetic）离合器操纵机构 clutch operation压盘 pressure plate分离杆 release lever 分离筒 release sleeve离合器盖 clutch cover 从动盘 clutch plate从动盘毂 clutch plate hub 分离弹簧（轴承）release spring(thrust bearing)中间压盘 center plate 压紧弹簧 pression减振弹簧 damping spring 摩擦片 plate friction lining扭转减振器 torsional damping arrangement变速器：transmission, gearbox机械式变速器 mechanical transmission自动变速器 automatic transmission主（副）变速器 basic(splitter) transmission行星齿轮变速器planetary transmission液力偶合器 fluid coupling液力变矩器torque converter万向传动装置：十字轴（非等速、等速、准等速、挠性、双联、球销、球笼）万向节 cardan (nonconstant velocity、constant velocity、near constant velocity、flexible、double cardan、ball and trunnion、rzeppa) universal joint十字轴总成 cross assembly万向节叉yoke驱动桥：driving axle断开（非断开）式驱动桥 divided (rigid) drive axle单（双）级主减速器 single (double) reduction final axle齿轮（防滑、自锁、摩擦）差速器 gear (limited-slip、self-locking、multi-disc) differential 桥壳 axle housing全浮（半浮）式半轴 full-floating (semi-floating) axle shaft转向系：steering system机械（动力）转向系manual (power) steering system 转向器 steering gear转向盘(轴、操纵机构) steering wheel (shaft、control mechanism)循环球-齿条齿扇（齿轮齿条）式转向器 recirculating ball-rack and sector (rack and pinion ) steering gear正（逆）效率 forward(reverse) efficiency行驶系：running system独立（非独立）悬架 indepenndent (rigid axle) suspension钢板（螺旋、扭杆、空气、橡胶、油气）弹簧 leaf(coil、torsion bar、air、rubber、hydro-pneumatic) spring减震器 shock absorber 横向稳定器 stabilizer anti-roll bar制动系：braking system鼓（盘）式制动器 drum (disk) brake 驻车制动装置 parking braking device制动鼓（蹄、钳）brake drum (shoe、caliper)《汽车理论》1 汽车动力性 vehicle tractive performance2 加速时间 time of acceleration3 最大爬坡度 maximum grade ability4 驱动力tractive force5 发动机的调速特性 fixed throttle characteristics6 适应性系数 adaptive coefficient7 机械效率 mechanical efficiency8 行驶阻力 resistance 9 滚动阻力 rolling resistance10 弹性迟滞 elastic slow-moving 11 滚动阻力矩 moment of rolling resistance12 滚动阻力系数 coefficient of rolling resistance13 切向反力 tangential force 14 法向反力 normal force15 空气阻力 aerodynamic resistance16 空气阻力系数 aerodynamic resistance coefficient17 坡道阻力 grade resistance 18 道路阻力 resistance of the road19 加速阻力 accelerating resistance； inertia force20 旋转质量换算系数 correction coefficient of rotating mass21 附着力 adhesive force 22 切向反作用力 tangential force23 法向反作用力 normal force 24 附着系数 coefficient of adhesion25 后备功率 power reserve 26 发动机比功率 power/mass ratio27 燃料经济性 fuel economy 28 燃油消耗率 specific fuel consumption29 万有特性 cross sectional characteristics30 负荷特性 part throttle characteristics31 道路循环油耗 fuel economy of road test cycles32 制动性 braking performance 33 地面制动力 type-ground brakingforce34 制动器制动力 braking force originated from brake system35 制动减速度 braking deceleration 35 制动距离 braking distance37 同步附着系数 synchronizing adhesion coefficient38 侧倾角速度 roll velocity 39 俯仰角速度 pitch velocity40 横摆角速度 yaw velocity 41 轮胎坐标系 tire axis system42 轮胎侧偏角 side-slip-angle 43 侧偏刚度 cornering stiffness44 回正力矩 aligning torque 45 转向特性 steering characteristics46 侧偏力 cornering force 47 横摆角速度增益 yaw velocity gain48 临界车速 critical speed 49 特征车速 characteristic speed50 不足转向 under steer 51 过多转向 over steer52 中性转向 neutral steer 53 静态储备系数 static margin54 瞬态响应 transient state response 55 稳态响应 steadies state response56 汽车平顺性 ride of the automobile57 路面谱 spectrum of road surface roughness58 空间频率 spatial spectral density 59 空间频率谱 spatial spectral density60时间频率谱 spectral density 61 最小离地间隙 ground clearance62 汽车的通过性 mobility over unprepared terrain63 纵向通过角 ramp angle 64 接近角 approach angle65 离地角 departure angle 66 最小转弯直径 diameter of turning circle67 转弯通道圆 turning clearance circle 68 功率循环 circulation of power69 牵引阻力 tractive resistance 70 牵引力（功率）曲线图 tractive-power chart71 最高车速 maximum velocity 72 发动机外特性 engine characteristic at maximum opening of valve73 制动效能brake efficiency 74 转向稳定性 cornering stability75 后轴侧滑 sideslip of rear axle 76 甩尾 trail swing77 评价指标evaluated standard 78 操纵稳定性 steering stability81 主销后倾kingpin caster 82 主销内倾kingpin inclination83 功率平衡图tractive and resistance power graph84 动力因数 dynamical factor85 制动跑偏 braking deviation from 86 制动力分配brake banlance87 制动防抱死 ABS(Anti-lock Braking System)88动力特性dynamical characteristics89 横向稳定性 stability of landscape orientation90 侧偏特性cornering characteristics91 轮胎花纹 tire pattern 92 汽车技术状况 technical condition of vehicle93 暴露极限exposure boundary 94 发动机测功器 engine dynamometer95 发动机综合试验机 motor analyze / engine analyzer96 底盘测功器 chassis dynamometer97 车轮功率平衡机 dynamic wheel balancer98 前束量尺 toe-in ganger 99 外倾测量器 camber gauge100 红外线废气分析仪 infrared rays exhaust gas analysis apparatus疲劳-降低工作效率界限 fatigue-decreased proficiency boundary舒适降低界限 decreased comfort boundary《汽车设计》绪论 introduction全球定位系统Global Position System计算机辅助设计Computer Aided Design自适应巡航控制系统Autonomous Intelligent Cruise Control电子伺辅开车Drive by wire防抱死制动系统Anti-block Brake System主动悬架Active Suspension被动悬架Passive Suspension半主动悬架 Semi-Active Suspension自动变速器 Automatic Transmission电控转向系统Electronic Control Steering通用汽车公司General Motors Company成本竞争能力Cost Competitiveness成本杀手Cost killer运动型多用途车Sport & utility vehicle概念设计Concept Design前置前驱Front-engine Front-drive前置后驱Front-engine Rear-drive后置后驱Rear-engine Rear-drive中置后驱Middle-engine Rear-drive全轮驱动Full-wheel-drive长头式Cab-behind-engine truck平头式forward control layout cab or cab forward type短头式short bonneted type轴距 wheel base轮距 wheel center distance装载量weight-carrying capacity整车整备质量weight empty总质量weight in running order轴荷分配axle load ( weight)直接档direct drive燃油经济性 fuel economy百公里油耗 fuel consumption of 100km通过性throughput capacity最小转弯半径minimum negotiable radius总体布置general arrangement纵梁frame side member or frame g irder member横梁 frame cross member离合器设计 clutch design从动盘clutch driven plate or clut ch spider膜片弹簧diaphragm spring压盘 pressure plate摩擦片clutch facing从动钢片clutch cushion disk or cush ion spring扭转减振器 torsion vibration damper or torsion damper花键毂splined hub变速器设计 transmission design中间轴式变速器countershaft transmission直齿 spur gear斜齿圆柱齿轮helical gear换档机构gear shift mechanism直齿滑动齿轮shifting slider gear啮合套shifter collar同步器synchronizer轴承 bear飞溅润滑plash oiling压力润滑full pressure oiling换档位置图 gear shifting diagram第一轴input shaft中间轴counter shaft第二轴output shaft万向节设计 universal joint柔性万向节 rubber universal joint刚性万向节 rigid cardan驱动桥drive axle主减速器final gear差速器differential车轮传动wheel driver驱动桥壳rear-axle housing整体式驱动桥壳one-piece housing主减速比final drive ratio螺旋锥齿轮 helical bevel gear双曲面齿轮 hypoid bevel gear圆柱齿轮helical spur gear蜗轮蜗杆worm-and-gear (wheel)行星齿轮planetary gear最小离地间隙minimum ground clearance of rear axl e摩擦片式差速器sure-grip differential半轴 half rear axle悬架设计suspension design弹性元件springs导向机构guider减振器absorber缓冲块bumper横向稳定杆 stabilizer钢板弹簧spring leaf螺旋弹簧spiral spring扭杆弹簧torsion bar spring橡胶弹簧rubber spring空气弹簧air spring油气弹簧oiliness spring横向摆臂式独立悬架 ndependent wheel suspension by swinging arms纵向摆臂式独立悬架independent suspension by swinging arms不等长双横臂式独立悬架 long and short arm suspension 烛式悬架suspension stuck麦克弗逊式独立悬架suspension McPherson strut平衡式独立悬架stabilizator suspension主簧 mail leaf of spring副簧 helper spring制动系brake system制动器brake驱动机构drive unit制动效能braking efficiency领从蹄式制动器leading-trailing shoe brake双领蹄式制动器two leading shoe brake单向增力式制动器 half-servo brake横向稳定杆 stabilizer bar准双曲面齿轮hypoid gear万向节轴cardan花键 spline《随机振动》1、 Random Vibration 随机振动2、 Probability 概率3、 Statistics 统计4、 Random Process 随机过程5、 Density 密度6、 Frequency 频率7、 Discrete 离散8、 Wave 波动9、 Continuous model 连续模型10、Dynamic 动力的11、Structure 结构12、Dynamic Analysis 动力学分析13、Acceleration 加速度14、Gravitational Acceleration 重力加速度15、Definite Function 有限方程16、Excitation 激励17、Response 响应18、Discrete Model 离散模型19、Stationary 平稳的20、Nonstationary 非平稳的21、Rigid Body 刚体22、Correlation Function 相关函数23、Autocorrelation 自相关24、Spectral Density 谱密度25、Power Spectrum 功率谱26、Ergodic 各态历经的27、Temporal 短时的28、Limitation 极限29、Mean 均值30、Mean Square 均方值31、Variance 方差32、Covariance 协方差33、Variable 变量34、Constant 常数35、Single 单独的36、Filter 过滤37、Cross Correlation 互相关38、Second Order 二阶39、Lag 间隙40、Regular 规律的41、Irregular 不规则的42、Property 特性43、Performance 性能44、Ensemble 整体的45、Even 偶的46、Odd 奇的47、Independent 独立的48、Zero Mean 零均值49、Scatter 离散的50、Period 周期51、Sample 样本52、Uniform 均匀的53、Absolute 绝对值54、Phase 相位55、Circular Frequency 圆频率56、Distributed 分布的57、Dirac Delta Function 狄拉克?得尔塔函数58、Magnitude 模59、Infinite 无穷的60、Periodic 周期的61、Finite 有限的62、Restriction 约束63、Evaluation 估计64、Time Domain 时域65、Frequency Domain 频域66、Fourier Series 富里叶级数67、Fourier Integral 富里叶积分68、Piecewise 分段的69、Fourier Coefficient 富里叶系数70、Complex Number 复数值71、Complex Function 复数函数72、Real Function 实数函数73、Conjugate 共轭74、Parseval’s Formula 帕舍伐尔公式75、Amplitude 振幅76、Impulse 脉冲77、Complex Frequency 复数频域的78、Ordinate 坐标79、Singularity 奇异点80、Harmonic 谐波的81、Narrow Band 窄带82、Wind Band 宽带83、Exponent 指数84、Derivation 导数85、Joint Probability 联合概率分布86、Linear 线性的87、Superposition 重叠88、Inverse Transform 逆变换89、Single Degree of Freedom 单自由度90、Natural Frequency 自然频率91、Damp 阻尼92、Critical 临界的93、Displacement 位移94、Velocity 速度95、Unit Impulse 单位脉冲96、Momentum 动量97、Ordinary Differential Equation 常微分方程98、Complex Frequency Response Function 复频响应函数99、Algebraic Equation 代数方程100、 Peak 峰值《汽车电器设备》蓄电池accumulator电解液electrolyte电路electric circuit开关switch电流表ammeter电压表voltmeter电能electric energy化学能chemical energy电流强度current intensity 脉冲电流 pulse current正极板positive plate负极板negative plate单格电池cell比重计hydrometer电极electrode电荷electric charge阳极positive electrode阴极negative electrode电路图circuit diagram电器electric equipment电压voltage电位差potential difference 电源power source充电系charging system交流发电机alternator充电指示器charge indicator 交流电alternating current 直流电direct current二极管diode三极管triode电压调节器voltage regulator 过充电overcharge转子rotor定子stator皮带轮pulley警告灯warning lamp保险丝fusible link短路short circuit电动势electro-motive force 起动系starting system电磁开关magnetic switch起动机马达starter motor机械能mechanical energy飞轮flywheel电磁场electromagnetic field 换向器commutator电刷brush继电器relay电枢armature小齿轮pinion电枢轴armature shaft电刷弹簧brush spring轴承bearing单向离合器overrunning clutch换档机构shift mechanism电磁线圈solenoid压缩比compression ratio飞轮齿圈flywheel ring gear电枢绕组armature windings换向器片commutator segments点火系ignition system点火开关ignition switch火花塞spark plug电容器condenser分电器distributor分电器盖distributor cap点火线圈ignition coil初级绕组primary winding次级绕组secondary winding断电器breaker电磁铁electromagnet断电器触点breaker points电火花electric spark分电器点火系统distributor ignition system 空燃比air-fuel ratio火花塞间隙air gap高压high voltage低压low voltage分火头distributor rotor高压线spark plug wire分电器凸轮distributor cam附加电阻ballast resistor点火提前spark advance离心提前centrifugal advance真空提前vacuum advance大气压atmospheric pressure照明lighting照明灯light bulb信号signal报警装置warning equipment仪表meter仪表板instrument panel指示器indicator指示板indicator board指针needle控制电路control circuit辅助设备auxiliary equipment汽油机gasoline engine柴油机diesel engine汽油泵gasoline pump电磁学electromagnetism电磁波electromagnetic wave晶体管点火系统transistorized ignition system无触点电子点火系统breakerless electronic ignition system电磁感应electromagnetic《汽车电控原理及应用》进气温度（ACT）Air Charge Temperature空气流量传感器（AFS）Air Flow Sensor叶板式空气流量计（VAM）Vane Airflow Meter绝对压力传感器（AIV） Absolute Pressure Sensor空气温度传感器（ATS） Air Temperature Sensor进气温度传感器（ITA） Intake Air Temperature Sensor热线式空气流量计（HWAMMF） Hot-Wire Air-Mass Meter Flow热膜式空气流量计（HFAMFM） hot-film air-mass flow meter卡门空气流量计（KVAFM） Karman vortex air flow meter大气压力传感器（BARO sensor） barometric pressure sensor大气压力传感器（BP） barometric pressure sensor节气门关闭位置（CTP） closed throttle position进气温度传感器（IATS） intake air temperature sensor怠速空气控制阀（IACV）idle air control valve可变进气相位（VVT）variable valve timing混合气控制（M/C） mixture control节气门体（TB） throttle body节气门位置（TP） throttle position节气门位置传感器（TPS） throttle position sensor节气门位置开关（TPS） throttle position switch节气门电子控制（ETC） electronic throttle control体积空气流量（VAF） volume air flow电控单元（ECU）electronic control unit主减速器final drive【摘要】主减速器 final drive 单级主减速器 single reduction final drive 双级主减速器 double reduction final drive 前置式双级主减速器 front mounted double reduction ...final gear【摘要】主减速器 final gear. 差速器 differential. 车轮传动 wheel driver. 驱动桥壳 rear- axle housing. 整体式驱动桥壳 one-piece housing. 主减速比 final drive ratio ..final reduction gear【摘要】 45, 主减速器, final reduction gear. 46, 后桥半轴, axle shaft. 47, 半轴外油封, axle shaft outer oil seal. 48, 半轴内油封, axle shaft inner oilmain reduction gear【摘要】 main reduction gear 主减速齿轮 main reduction gear 主减速器 main repair 大修 main repeater section 主中继段 main repeater station 主中继站 ...main gearbox【摘要】 main engine crankcase 主机的曲轴箱 main entry door 主入口门 main fuel tank 主燃料箱 main gearbox 主减速器 main instrument panel 主仪表板 main jack 主千斤顶 ...传动轴中间轴承drive shaft center bearing传动轴管焊接合件weld drive shaft tube assembly传动轴特征长度drive shaft length传动轴谐振噪声resonant noise of rive shaft传动轴的临界转速critical speed of drive shaft传动轴总成的平衡balance of drive shaft assembly允许滑动量slip相位角phase angle传动轴安全圈drive shaft safety strap驱动桥drive axle(driving axle)类型type断开式驱动桥divided axle非独立悬架式驱动桥rigid dirve axle独立悬架式驱动桥independent suspension drive axle转向驱动桥steering drive axle贯通式驱动桥tandem axles“三速”贯通轴"three-speed" tandem axles单驱动桥single drive axlemultiaxle drive减速器reducer主减速器final drive单级主减速器single reduction final drive双级主减速器double reduction final drive前置式双级主减速器front mounted double reduction final drive后置式双级主减速器rear mounted double reduction final drive上置式双级主减速器top mounted double reducton final drive行星齿轮式双级主减速器planetary double reduction final drive贯通式主减速器thru-drive双速主减速器two speed final drive行星齿轮式双速主减速器two speed planetary final drive双级双速主减速器two speed double reduction final drive轮边减速器wheel reductor(hub reductro)行星圆柱齿轮式轮边减速器planetary wheel reductor行星锥齿轮式轮边减速器differential geared wheel reductor(bevelepicyclick hub reductor) 外啮合圆柱齿轮式轮边减速器spur geared wheel reductor差速器differential锥齿轮式差速器bevel gear differential圆柱齿轮式差速器spur gear differential防滑式差速器limited -slip differential磨擦片式自锁差速器multi-disc self -locking differential凸轮滑滑块自锁差速器self-locking differential with side ring and radial cam plate自动离合式自锁差速器automotive positive locking differential强制锁止式差速器locking differential液压差速器hydraulic differential轴间差速器interaxial differential差速器壳differential carrieer(case)主降速齿轮final reduction gear驱动轴减速比axle ratio总减速比total reduction ratio户外活动教案活动目标:1、练习用纸球击目标,发展幼儿投掷能力和目测力。