Module 3 MusicSection Ⅲ Grammar 时间状语从句和过去完成时语法图解探究发现①When he was very young, Mozart had a lot of musical talent.②While he was still a teenager, he was a big star.③As he grew older, he began to go deaf.④By the time he was 14, Mozart had composed many pieces for the harpsichord, piano and violin, as well as for orchestras.⑤After they had known each other for many years, Beethoven said, “He is a good composer, but he has taught me nothing.”⑥Before they visited India, they had recorded seven albums.[我的发现](1)以上所有例句中都包含一个时间状语从句。
(2)例句④⑤⑥都包含了一般过去时或过去完成时。
(3)例句①②中，when和while都表示“当……时候”，例句③中as表示“随着”。
(4)例句④⑥中，by the time和before引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句则用过去完成时。
(5)例句⑤中，after引导时间状语从句，主句用一般过去时，从句用过去完成时。
一、时间状语从句时间状语从句用来说明主句谓语动词发生的时间，由连词引导。
本单元主要学习when, while, as及by the time引导的时间状语从句。
1．when可以和延续性动词连用，也可以和短暂性动词连用，主句和从句中的动作或状态可以同时发生，也可以先后发生。
When they heard the news, they were very excited.当他们听到这个消息时，非常激动。
(hear是短暂性动词)When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.我住在那里时，星期天常到海滨去。
(live是延续性动词)[名师点津] (1)when还可作并列连词，意为“就在这个时候”。
I was watching TV when someone knocked at the door.我正在看电视，这时突然有人敲门。
(2)when还可译为“这时；就在那时”，常用于以下句型：①be about to do ... when正要做……这时②be doing ... when正在做……这时③had done ... when刚做完……就2．while引导时间状语从句时，从句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词。
While/When she was reading a novel, she cried.她看小说的时候哭了。
They rushed in while we were discussing problems.我们正在讨论问题时，他们冲了进来。
[名师点津] while还可引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”。
另外，while还可用作并列连词，表示“然而”。
While/Although/Though he is young, he has been to many countries.虽然他很小，但他去过很多国家。
Some men were rich, while others are poor.一些人很富有，而其他人很贫穷。
3．as引导时间状语从句时，常表示两个动作交替进行或同时发生，可译作“一边……一边……；随着”。
He hurried home, looking behind as he went.他匆忙回家去，一边走一边回头望。
As time went on, it’s getting warmer and warmer.随着时间的推移，天越来越暖和了。
4．by the time引导时间状语从句时，一般情况下，如果从句用一般过去时，主句则用过去完成时；如果从句用一般现在时，主句则用将来完成时。
By the time I got to the station, the train had already gone.我到达火车站时，火车已经开走了。
By the time he retires, he will have worked for 35 years.到退休时，他将工作满35年。
[即时演练1](1)选词填空：when, while, as, by the time①When I went into the classroom, he was reading.②When/By_the_time I arrived, the film had already ended.③While I am willing to help, I do not have much time tomorrow.④While/When she was making a call, I entered her room.⑤As you grow older, you’ll know better and better about yourself.(2)完成句子①As_time_went_on (随着时间的推移), his sight became worse and worse.②My wife kept silent while/when_I_was_working (当我工作的时候)．③The students took notes as_they_listened (一边听)．④I was_about_to_go_to_bed_last_night (昨晚正要上床睡觉) when I heard a cry for help.⑤By_the_time_you_receive_the_letter (等你收到这封信的时候), I will_have_left (将已经离开) the city for my hometown.二、过去完成时1．基本用法过去完成时的构成为“had＋过去分词”。
主要用法如下：(1)表示某一动作或存在的状态发生在过去某一时间或某一动作之前，即“过去的过去”。
By the end of last week, they had finished the work.到上周末为止，他们已经完成了工作。
When Jack arrived, he learned Mary had been away for almost an hour.当杰克到时，他得知玛丽已经离开快一个小时了。
[名师点津] 过去完成时常常用在宾语从句中，从句谓语动作发生在主句谓语动作(过去时)之前。
She said that she had finished her homework.她说她已完成家庭作业了。
(2)某些动词的过去完成时表示过去未实现的希望、计划或打算。
常用的动词有hope, expect, suppose, think, want, wish等。
They had wanted to help but couldn’t get here in time.他们本来想要来帮忙的，但未能及时赶到这儿。
I had hoped to send him a Christmas card, but I forgot to do so.我本来想送他一张圣诞节贺卡，但把这事给忘了。
2．过去完成时在几个重点句型中的应用(1)在no sooner ... than, hardly ... when句型中，主句用过去完成时，意为“一……就；刚……就”。
I had hardly stepped into the classroom when the bell rang.我一踏入教室的门，铃就响了。
No soonerhad he rushed out than the house fell down.他刚冲出去房子就塌了。
(2)在it was the first time that ...句型中，that从句常用过去完成时。
It was the first time that he had ever spoken to me in such a tune.这是他第一次用这样的语调跟我讲话。
3．过去完成时与一般过去时的区别一般过去时侧重发生在过去的客观事实；而过去完成时强调动作发生在“过去的过去”，一定有一个表示过去的参照点。
I had been at the bus stop for 30 minutes when a bus finally came.当公交车最终来的时候，我已在车站等了三十分钟。
He once worked as a teacher for 5 years, but now he is a successful manager.他曾经做过5年教师，但现在他是一位成功的经理。
[即时演练2](1)用所给词的适当形式填空①When I got to school I found that my classmate had_left (leave)．②He is a professor of Shandong University. He stayed (stay) in America for 4 years.③The man said tha t he had_written (write) about 300 pieces of music.④I had_intended (intend) to call on you, but I had an unexpected visitor.⑤The three of us travelled (travel) around Europe for about a month last summer.(2)完成句子①She said that she had_seen_the_film_before (以前看过这部电影)．②We had_built_five_bridges (已经建了5座桥) by the end of last year.③It was the third time that he had_been_out_of_work (失业) that year.④We had_hoped_that_you_would_come (本期望你会来), but you didn’t.⑤Hardly had_I_got_to_the_bus_stop (我到达汽车站) when the bus started.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．While/When she was painting a picture, the teacher came in.2．Tom was about to close the windows when his attention was caught by a bird.3．As time goes by, his music is becoming more and more popular.4．I like singing while she likes dancing.5．By the time I get home, they will_have_left (leave)．6．When they got (get) there, the famous singer had_left (leave)．7．It was the first time that he had_met (meet) so strange a kind of car.8．The new bridge had_been_designed (design) by the end of last month.9．I found the lecture hard to follow because it had_started (start) when I arrived.10．Our friendship developed (develop) quickly over the weeks that followed.Ⅱ.完成句子1．When_I_woke_up,_my mother was preparing breakfast.我醒来时，妈妈正在准备早饭。