–DME Arc –Procedure Turn or Holding Pattern –Guided course
Initial Approach Fix
–Always labeled “IAF” on chart
Intermediate Approach Segment
Positions your aircraft for final descent to the airport
APPROACH
Approach Procedures
Safely Finding The Airport
Precision Approaches
Precision Approaches provide vertical guidance in addition to lateral guidance, most often through the use of an electronic glideslope. Precision Approaches include:
Precision
Glideslope provides vertical guidance between point of GS intercept to minimums (DH/DA).
Nonprecision
– Final approach fix (FAF) – Final approach point (FAP)
– For radar approaches, given verbally. – ATC may gian the
published missed procedure (be prepared to copy!).
Missed Approach Point
–Intermediate fix (IF) –Begins at point where you are
proceeding inbound to the final approach fix, properly aligned. –Not all approaches have an intermediate fix
• NDB
• RNAV (GPS)
• ASR – Airport Surveillance Radar
• Localizer (front & back courses)
• LDA / SDF / RNAV
The United States Standard for Terminal Instrument Procedures (TERPS) is the approved criteria for formulating instrument approach procedures.
–Initial –Intermediate –Final –Missed Approach
Five segments if you count the up front feeder route.
Segments of an Approach
Initial Approach Segment
Aligns your aircraft with the approach course
PT intersects final approach course inbound.
Final segment of ILS approach (precision)
The Glide Slope
Note final segment of this NDB Approach (non-precision with FAF)
• ILS (Instrument Landing System)
• GPS (LAAS)
• MLS (Microwave Landing System) (5 in US)
• PAR – Precision Approach Radar
Non-Precision Approaches
Non-Precision Approaches provide lateral guidance only, descent is staged at specific distances along the approach. Non-Precision Approaches include: • VOR
Final Segment of a VOR Approach (non-precision with FAP)
Missed Approach Segment
Navigate from MAP to missed approach holding point. Depicted on every approach
– For PA: at decision height/ altitude (DH/DA). – For NPA: either at a fix or timing.
Example of a missed approach
Preparing For The Approach
In planning, be familiar with the available IAPs… at Primary AND Alternate Airports. Nearing destination, a controller or ATIS tells you the expected IAP.
The FAA Handbook is FAA Order 8260.3B. Air Force, Navy, Army and Coast Guard have their own Handbook manual number.
Approach Segments
Four approach segments
–Not all approaches have an intermediate fix
Final Approach Segment
Navigates you from FAF/FAP to a point (MDA or DH/DA) where you may descend to runway, if required visual references are in sight.