biological invasionˌ[ˌbaɪəˈlɑdʒɪkəl ɪnˈveʒən] 生物入侵Global Aquaculture Education全球水产养殖教育aquaculture水产养殖Cage culture[kedʒˈkʌltʃɚ]网箱养鱼Lobster[ˈlɑbstɚ] 龙虾Life History生活史Blue Crab [blu kræb] 三疣梭子蟹；蓝蟹；青蟹channel catfish斑点叉尾鮰biodiversity[ˌbaɪodɪˈvɚrsɪti]生物多样shrimp [ʃrɪmp] 虾；小虾shellfish贝类algae[ˈældʒi] 藻类aquatic plant[əˈkwætɪk plænt] 水生植物freshwater淡水pond池塘pearl珍珠mortality[mɔrˈtælɪti] 死亡率reproduction繁殖mollusc[ˈmɑləsk] 软体动物crustacean [krʌˈsteʃən] 两栖动物clam[klæm] 蛤oyster[ˈɔɪstɚ] 牡蛎abalone[ˌæbəˈloni] 鲍鱼scallop[ˈskɑləp] 扇贝amphibian[æmˈfɪbiən]两栖动物crayfish [ˈkreˌfɪʃ] 小龙虾reptile [ˈrɛptɪl, -ˌtaɪl] 爬行动物breeding繁殖；饲养seafood海鲜catfish鲶鱼trout [traʊt] 鳟鱼，鲑鱼dissolved oxygen溶解氧Spawn[spɔn]产卵Mate配对Sponge [spʌndʒ] 海绵molt[molt]脱皮predator['prɛdətɚ] 捕食者Distribution分布Mature成熟的embryo['ɛmbrɪo]胚胎Animal protein['protin]动物蛋白Fishmeal鱼粉Capture fisherie捕捞渔业Fisheries resources渔业资源starfish海星packets of sperm[spɝm] 数包精子planktonic[,plæŋk'tɔnik]浮游生物Hatchling['hætʃlɪŋ] 人工孵化King Crab, Red King Crab皇帝蟹Fishery渔业Enhancement[in'hænsmənt]增加Symposium[sɪm'pozɪəm]讨论会Workshop车间forum['fɔrəm]论坛small scale/large scale experiment小范围/大型实验broodstock cultivation 亲鱼培育Air stone气泡石Flow through溢流道Larval/larve['lɑrvəl]幼虫Artemia卤虫Larval diet幼虫饮食Hatchery['hætʃəri]孵化器larve/fry/fingerling/ Juvenile['dʒʊvənaɪl]幼虫（体）diatom['daɪətəm]硅藻nutrition enrichment[njuˈtrɪʃn]营养强化survial生存dry weight干重duration[du'reʃən] of experiment实验持续时间Vibrio ['vɪbrɪ,o] bacteria 弧菌fatty acid /protein['protin]/amino acid[ə,mi:nəu 'æsid] 脂肪酸/蛋白质/氨基酸Pond culture池塘养殖Aquaculture modes水产养殖模式“Eight Words”Water,Seeds, Feeds, Density，Polyculture混养, Rotation[ro'teʃən] 轮流, Disease[dɪ'ziz]疾病Management，paddy ['pædɪ]cuture稻田养殖Silver carp 鲢鱼Bighead carp 鳙鱼Grass carp草鱼Black carp青鱼Common carp鲤鱼Crucian carp鲫鱼Blunt snout bream武昌鱼（团头鲂）Mud [mʌd]carp鲮鱼Mandarin['mændərɪn] fish鳜鱼Japanese eel日本鳗鲡River crab河蟹；大闸蟹Chinese mitten['mɪtn] crab中华绒蝥蟹Japanese prawn[prɔn]日本对虾Tilapia[tə'lɑpiə] 罗非鱼Rainbow trout[traʊt]虹鳟Largemouth bass['lɑ:dʒmauθbes]大嘴鲈鱼 Giant tiger prawn 草虾giant river prawn 罗氏沼虾 Penaeus monodon Giant tiger prawn 斑节对虾Kelp海带White leg shrimp白对虾Litopenaeus vannamei凡纳滨对虾Litopenaeus vannamei Boone 对虾Big yellow croaker['krokɚ]大黄鱼Perch[pɝtʃ] 鲈鱼turbot['tɝbət]大比目鱼Intensive [ɪn'tɛnsɪv] culture集约化养殖Extensive [ɪk'stɛnsɪv] culture粗养formulate['fɔrmjə'let] feed配合饲料water quality ['kwɑləti] management水质管理optimal['ɑptəml] temperature最适温度Sexual maturity['sɛʃʊəl mə'tʃʊrəti]性成熟Food Habits食性Spawning time['spɔ:niŋ] 产卵期powdered feed粉状饲料pelleted ['pɛlɪtɪd]feed颗粒饲料Stocking density放养密度Raft筏Loach[lotʃ]泥鳅Tuna['tunə]金枪鱼Seed collector集卵器Shell[ʃɛl]贝壳Water temperature['tɛmprətʃɚ]水温Yellow tail[tel]黄尾袋鼠Experimental station试验站Suitable feed合适的饲料Man-made shelter['ʃɛltɚ]人工海礁In diameter[daɪ'æmɪtɚ]/width/depth直径/宽度/深度Salmon['sæmən]大马哈鱼Conserve/conservation保存/保护Young fish幼鱼Artificial fertilize[,ɑrtɪ'fɪʃl 'fɝtəlaɪz]人工受精Life cycle生命周期species物种Basic research基础研究Hatch/hatching孵化Migratory ['maɪɡrətɔri]fish 洄游鱼类Coastal ['kostl] waters沿海水域Large scale大规模的Penaeus monodon斑节对虾Giant tiger prawn草虾grass prawn草虾Mangrove['mæŋɡrov]红树林omnivorous [ɑm'nɪvərəs]杂食的 herbivory [hə:'bivəri]草食性carnivorous[kɑrˈnɪvərəs]肉食性的Fertilization[,fɝtlə'zeʃən]受精nauplius['nɔpliəs]无节幼体Protozoea[ˌproʊtə'zəʊə]蚤状幼体mysis['maisis]糠虾；糠虾幼体；糠虾期metamorphose[,mɛtə'mɔrfoz] 变态salinity[sə'lɪnəti]盐度milkfish虱目鱼Eel鳗鱼Estuary['ɛstʃʊ'ɛri]河口Anguilla anguilla[æŋ'ɡwilə]欧洲鳗鲡anguilla japonica[dʒə'pɑnɪkə]日本鳗鲡Glass eel 玻璃鳗Yellow eel黄鳗silver eel银鳗Recirculating Aquaculture System再循环水产养殖系统recirculating/recirculation system再循环/再循环系统progeny['prɑdʒəni] 后代Secondary['sɛkəndɛri]次要的Grow-out养殖出来Fingerling['f ɪŋgɚ,lɪŋ]小鱼Selective [sɪ'lɛktɪv]harvest选择性收获Secondary species/Main species主要/次要物种的物种Organic fertilizer[ɔr'gænɪk 'fɝtəlaɪzɚ]有机肥料Marketable size市场规格Culture period培养期Fertility生育能力Water body水体Stocking size放养规格Murray cod['mʌri;]虫纹石斑鱼golden perch[pɝtʃ]黄金鲈silver perch银鲈offspring ['ɔfsprɪŋ]子代survival rate[ret]存活率scale规模handling处理capture捕获oxygenation[,ɑksədʒə'neʃən]氧化作用parasite['pærəsaɪt]寄生虫formalin['fɔrməlɪn] 福尔马林antibiotics[,æntɪbaɪ'ɑtɪks]抗生素methylene ['mɛθɪlɪn]blue美蓝malachite green['mæləkaɪt]孔雀石绿fungal['fʌŋɡl] 真菌heal治愈yolk sac[sæk]卵黄囊Mm(millimeter)毫米Cm(centimeter)厘米µm(micrometer)测微计Aquatic Diseases水生疾病Stress压力Chemical Stressor['strɛsɚ]化学压力源Biological stressor生物压力源Microorganism微生物Population[,pɑpju'leʃən] density种群密度Physical stressor物理压力Procedural stressor 程序上的压力Pathogen['pæθədʒən]病原体；病菌immunity[ɪ'mjʊnəti] 免疫力Mucus['mjukəs]粘液Inflammation['ɪnflə'meʃən]炎症Antibody['æntɪ'bɑdi]抗体sodium['sodɪəm] 钠potassium[pə'tæsɪəm]钾chloride['klɔraɪd]氯dehydration[,dihaɪ'dreʃən] 脱水Sanitation[,sænɪ'teʃən] 环境卫生Nitrogenous [naɪ'trɑdʒənəs]含氮的organic debris[də'bri] 有机残骸Disinfect['dɪsɪn'fɛkt]消毒Infectious 传染性Parasitic[,pærə'sɪtɪk]/parasite寄生/寄生虫Protozoa[,protə'zoə] 原生动物Proteins['protiɪn]蛋白质Lipids['lipidz]脂类Carbohydrate[,kɑrbo'haɪdret]碳水化合物Vitamins维生素Minerals['mɪnərəl]矿物质Attractants[ə'træktənt]引诱剂plant protein植物蛋白animal protein动物蛋白crude protein粗蛋白Essential[ɪ'sɛnʃl] amino[ə'mino] acids['æsɪd]必需氨基酸Methionine[mɛ'θaɪənin]蛋氨酸lysine['laɪsɪn] 赖氨酸Essential fatty acids必需脂肪酸chloroform['klɔrəfɔrm]/methanol['mɛθənɔl] 氯仿/甲醇high unsaturated[ʌn'sætʃə'retɪd] fatty acids (HUFA)高不饱和脂肪酸Energy代谢能Digestible[daɪ'dʒstəbl] Energy可消化能Feed Conversion[kən'vɝʒn] Ratio[reʃɪo](FCR)饲料转化率Polyculture of bighead carp in ponds and pensIn China, bighead carps are usually cultured as secondary species together with other carp species. The grow-out stocking density is 750-1500/ha of 13-15 cm fingerlings. If selective harvesting is to be practiced, a certain proportion of larger sized fish (up to 250 g) is also stocked. There is no special feeding/fertilization required for bighead when herbivorous and omnivorous fish are cultured as the main species. However,organic fertilizer is usually applied to raise natural food if bighead and silver carp are cultured as major species. The fish can reach marketable size (750-1500 g) within 8-10 months in China. The culture period may be much shorter in tropical and subtropical areas. The yield of bighead carp is usually 500-1000 kg/ha, which accounts for 10-15% of the total production.In Vietnam, bighead grow-out is conducted through polyculture with other species, such as grass carp, silver carp, rohu, mrigala, common carp and tilapia. Bighead carp is stocked as a minor species in the ponds, usually accounting for 3-5% of the total. However, bighead carp usually account for 5-7% of the total production. No special feeding for bighead carp is practised. The market size of bighead carp is 2.5-3 kg. Extensive culture in small lakes and reservoirsIn this system, bighead carp are usually stocked as the major species, with a stocking density of 150-750/ha, depending on the size and fertility of the water body. This level represents about 40-50% of the total number of fish stocked. The stocking size is usually 13-15 cm. A small percentage of large fingerlings (up to 250 g) is also stocked for selective harvesting to fully utilize the water and the available natural food. Neither feed nor fertilizer is used in this form of rearing. The production of bighead can reach 150-400 kg/ha, which accounts for 40-60% of total production.池塘和网拦鳙鱼的混养在中国，鳙鱼与其他鲤科鱼类通常作为次要种类。