初中英语复习提要重要的短语、句型和惯用法（二）1.There be结构a.这是英语中常见的一种结构，表示“某地有某物”其含义为“存在有”。
eg.There are twenty girls in our class.have也解释为“有”但是与there be有区别，它的含义是“所有，属有”，其主语为某人。
eg.I have a nice watch.b.There be 结构中的be动词要和后面所跟名词保持一致。
c.There is ariver near our school.否：There is not a river near our school.问：Is there a river near our school.回答：Yes, there is. No, there isn't.划⑴How many rivers are there near our school?⑵What's near our school?d.there be 结构的一般将来时，同学们较难掌握，其正确形式为：there is going to bee.反意疑问句的构成：There is no water in the glass, is there?①There is going to ___ a football match this afternoon.A.haveB.watchC.beD.play②They were sure that they were going to __ a rest.A.beB.haveC.be onD.on2.so,neither引导的倒装句,为了避免和前一句话的内容重复，英语中习惯用so,neither引导的倒装句。
a.So +be(助动词，情态动词)+主语。
表示某人也是如此。
eg.Mike has bought some foreign stamps.So has Bob.=Bob has bought some,too.b.Neither +be(助动词，情态动词)＋主语，表示某人也不。
eg.Mother has never been to Japan.Neither has Father.=Father has never been to Japan, either.c.So ＋主语＋be(助动词，情态动词)。
表示果真如此(赞同),请同学们与a.区别。
eg.A:Mike is right in the classroom.B:So he is.=He is really in the class room.3.It's+时间+since动词过去式。
自从...起已有...时间了。
⑴It's two weeks since we met last.(自从我们上次见面已有两个星期了)⑵How long is it since we left Beijing?(自从我们离开北京已有多久了4.祈使句+and (那么)...eg.Go straight on and you'll see a school.=If you go straight on, you'll see a school.5.祈使句+or...否则...eg.Work hard, or you will fall behind the other students.=If you don't work hard, you'll fall behind the other6. The+比较级...，the+比较级...越...越...Eg .⑴The more, the better. 越多越好。
⑵Theharder you work on it,the better you'll be at it.(你越用功，你就越好。
)7.How do you like the film?=What do you think of the film? (你认为这部电影怎样？)8.What...do with...?怎样对付...?怎样处理...?虽然中文为怎样，我们绝不可照字面翻译为how.eg.A:What have you done with the library book?B:I've just returned it to the library.9.I don't know what to do.我不知道该怎么办？I don't know how to do. ×10.What...be like?...是什么样的？eg.⑴What's the weather like?天气如何？⑵What's your school like?你们学校是什么样的？11.What...for?为何目的？为什么？eg.What do you want a science lab for?=Why do you want a science lab?12.one of +最高级＋复数最...之一eg.Miss Zhao is one of the most popular teachers.13.find it +形容词+to doeg.I find it useful to learn English well. (我发觉学好英语是很有用的)find +宾语+名词eg.I find him a good boy. (我发现他是个好男孩.)find +宾语+形容词eg.I find the door open/closed. (我发现门开/关着)I find our bags filled with/full of presents. (我发现我们的包装满了礼物)14.I don't think+肯定句我想...不eg.I don't think I'll take it. (我想我不买它了)请注意:中文意思否定在从句中,但是英语的表达否定在主句中。
15.prefer A to B=like A better than B更喜欢A不怎么喜欢B.eg. I prefer fish to chicken.= I like fish better than chicken16.had better do sth.最好干某事.否定:had better not do sth.特别注意:had better后面跟be动词词组,不可漏掉be.eg.You'd better catch a train.You'd better not talk in class.You'd better not be late for the class.17.It is good (nice)of+宾格+to do sth.eg.It is very good of you to teach me English. (你教我英语真是太好了)18.It takes sb. some time to do sth.(干某事化费某人多少时间)=sb.spend some time on sth. (in) doing sth.eg.It took me half an hour to do the work.=I spent half anhour in doing the work.19.sb.pay钱for 物某物化费了某人多少钱=sb.spend 钱on 物=物cost sb.钱pay的过去式为paid 而不是payed.eg.I paid thirty yuan for the coat.=I spent thirty yuan on the coat. =The coat cost me thirty yuan.20.have been to某人曾去过某地,现在人不在那儿sb.have been in +地点某人呆在某地(一段时间)have gone to 某人已去某地,人不在这儿21.⑴ too…形容词(副词)+to…"太…而不能" "太…以致于不"eg.①The basket is too heavy for me to carr y.这篮子太重我拿不动。
②This colour TV is too expensive for us to buy.这台彩电对我们来说太贵了，买不起。
⑵so...that 如此...以致于...上面的too...to结构的句子，可以换成so...that 引导的句子转换。
①The basket is so heavy that I can't carry it.②This colour TV is so expensive that we can't afford it.22.What's the population of ...? ...人口有多少？不说How much population in...?形容人口数量的大用largeeg.The population of China is ten times as large as that of the USA24.not...until (连词)方才，才eg.He says that he won't be free until tomorrow.他说他需到明天方才有空。
肯定句＋until 到eg.You'd better wait until tomorrow. (你最好等到明天)25.neither...nor...既不...也不...either...or...或者...或者...eg.Neither Tom nor his brothers know how to spell the word "hundred".Either you or she is right. (谓语动词就近原则)both...and...两者都...eg.Both Jim and I are in Grade One (主语看作复数)练习题：1.-Where is Mary? -Oh, she ___ the librory.A.has gone toB.went toC.has been toD.had gone to2.He knew little about the film __ he saw it yesterday evening.A.ifB.sinceC.untilD.becauseA.think he won'tB.think he willC.don't think he won'tD.don't think he will4.- ___do you___ the TV play? - Not bad, I think.A.How;think ofB.What;likeC.How;likeD.What;think5. I ___ have a good time ___ the party.A.hope you will;atB.like you;onC.hope you to ;inD.wantyouthat;from 完成句子：1.中国有多少人口，中国的人口大约是世界人口的四分之一。