词性转换、比较等级和名词的数第一组Ⅰ. 语法填空(2018·江西赣中南五校高三第一次联合考试) The World Health Organization (WHO) has made an appeal to scientists，drug manufacturers and governments. The WHO wants them to work together __1. to develop__ (develop) drugs to fight 12 bacteria. These bacteria __2. are__ (be) able to resist __3. powerful__ (power) antibiotic(抗生素) drugs. The resistance is so unusually strong that all the 12 bacteria have been given a special name “superbug”.The United Nations agency reported this week the 12 superbugs are a threat to human __4. health__ (healthy). It said they have __5. the__ ability to easily turn treatable infections into killers. The WHO says superbugs can also pass along genetic material __6. that/which__ helps other bacteria become resistant to drug treatment.Marie－Paule Kieny is the Assistant Director－General at the WHO. She said，“Antibiotic resistance is growing and we are fast running out __7. of__ treatment options. ” She urged governments to give drug companies reasons to develop new treatments. “If we leave it to market forces alone，the new antibiotics we most __8. urgently__ (urgent)need are not going to be developed in time，” she said.Antibiotic drugs can lose their effectiveness when people take more or less than the amount __9. required__ (require) by doctors. When this happens，infections that __10. were treated__ (treat) at one time easily become resistant.文章大意：本文主要讲述了世界卫生组织呼吁开发新的药物，以应对超级病菌对人类健康的威胁。
❶解析：考查非谓语动词。
此处是不定式作目的状语，故填to develop。
❷解析：考查动词时态。
此处表示客观的陈述，故用一般现在时；结合空前的“These bacteria”可知，应填are。
❸解析：考查形容词。
此处应用形容词作定语修饰名词短语，故填形容词powerful。
❹解析：考查名词。
介词后跟名词、代词或动词－ing形式作宾语。
human health意为”人类健康”，作介词to的宾语。
❺解析：考查冠词。
ability被不定式短浯“to easily turn treatable infections into killers”所修饰，表示特指，故用定冠词the修饰。
❻解析：考查定语从句。
that/which引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词genetic material。
❼解析：考查介词。
固定搭配run out of意为“用完”，故填介词of。
❽解析：考查副词。
副词修饰动词、形容词、副词或句子。
故此处应用副词urgently修饰动词need。
❾ 解析：考查非谓语动词。
分析句子结构可知，require 和amount 之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。
○10 解析：考查动词时态和语态。
根据时间状语“at one time”可知，treat 所表示的动作发生在过去，且动词treat 和infections 是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。
Ⅱ. 短文改错(2018·河南省豫北名校高三上学期质量评估)After the supermarket cashier added to my groceries ，it was $12 over what I had on me. I am about to remove items embarrassed from the bag when another shopper handed me a $20 note. “Please don ’t put yourself out ，” I told him. “Let me tell you story，” he said. “My mother is in the hospital with cancer. I visit her every day and bring her a bunch of flower. I went this morning ，and she got very much angry with me for spend my money on more flowers. She demanded that I did something else with that money. But ，here ，please accept this. It ’s your mother ’s flowers. ”答案： After the supermarket cashier added to up my groceries, it was $12 over what I had on me. I am was about to remove items embarrassed embarrassedlyfrom the bag when another shopper handed me a $20 note. “Please don ’t put yourself out ，” I told him. “Let me tell you ∧astory ，” he said. “My mother is in the hospital with cancer. I visit her every day and bring her a bunch of flower flowers. I went this morning, and she got very much angry with me for spend spendingmy money on more flowers. She demanded that I did do something else with that money. But So ， here, please accept this. It ’s your mymother ’s flowers. ”❶ 解析：to 改为up 。
超市收银员累加(add up)“我”购买的食品杂货后，其总价钱比“我”所带的钱还要多12美元。
add to 表示“添加”，add up“把……加起来”，故此处应把to 改为up 。
❷ 解析：am 改为was 。
此处是在描述发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时。
❸ 解析：embarrassed 改为embarrassedly 。
此处用副词em barrassedly“尴尬地”来修饰动词remove 。
❹ 解析：story 前加a 。
story 为可数名词，且此处表示泛指，story 的发音以辅音音素开头，故需加冠词a 。
❺ 解析：flower 改为flowers 。
根据flower 是可数名词可知，此处应用其复数形式。
a bunch of flowers“一束花”。
❻ 解析：删除angry 前的much 。
此处修饰形容词angry ，应用very ，much 多余。
❼ 解析：spend 改为spending 。
介词后应使用动名词作宾语。
❽ 解析：did 改为do 。
de mand“要求”后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，即从句中的谓语动词使用“should ＋do”的形式，其中should 可以省略。
故把did 改为do 。
❾解析：But改为So。
根据语境可知，此处表示结果，故把But改为So。
10解析：your改为my。
根据语境可知，此处指“我妈妈的花”，故把your改为my。
○第二组Ⅰ. 语法填空(2017年11月浙江高考)Easy Ways to Build VocabularyIt’s not all that hard to build an advanced and large vocabulary. Like many things in life，it’s __1. an__ ongoing process，and the best part of the process is that there’s enough room for improvement， __2. which__ means yon’ll just keep getting better and better. Of course you have to work at it. You wouldn’t think that a few __3. months__ (month) of exercise in your teens would be enough __4. for__ the rest of your life，and that’s also true for building your vocabulary—you have to keep at it daily，and pretty soon you will find that you have an excellent vocabulary.One of the __5. effective__ (effect) ways to build vocabulary is to read good books. You need to __6. really__ (real) read at least one good book a week，preferably a classic. This isn’t as hard as it __7. sounds__ (sound)，and it is far better than any other method because you improve your vocabulary while __8. reading__ (read) an interesting piece of literature. Another nice thing is that you learn both new words and __9. their__ (they) use unconsciously，meaning that you will tend to use the words __10. learned/learnt__ (learn) this way in conversations almost automatically.文章大意：本文主要讲述了积累词汇的一些方法。