名词性从句主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句和同位语从句在复合句中的作用相当于名词，因此这四种从句统称为名词性从句。

这四种从句与主句间不用逗号。

一．名词性从句连接词的选用可分为三类：1.that在名词性从句中只起连接作用，不充当成分，也没有实际意义。

That he will come is certain.I think that he’ll be all right in a few days.The fact is that I have never been there.The fact that she had not said anything surprised all of us.2.whether/if 在名词性从句中有“是否”之意，但不充当成分。

附Whether/if区分：在宾语从句中可互换，但介词和discuss后的宾语从句用whether;其它名词性从句用whether；可以说whether to do 但不能说if to do ;可说whether / if……or not, whether or not ，不能说if or not.Whether she’s coming or not doesn’t matter too much.I wonder whether/ if it is true.The question is whether it is worth doing.They asked me the question whether the work was worth doing.I don’t know whether or not they will come.(不能用if or not)I don’t’ know if / whether they will come or not.另外别忘了if可引导条件状语从句。

试比较：Please let me know if you want to go.Please let me know whether you want to go.3.其它连接词的选用遵循：“缺什么，补什么”的原则。

缺状语，补连接副词where, when, why, how; 缺主语，宾语，表语，定语，补连接代词：who, whom, what, which, whose.Where she has gone is not known yet.Why he did it wasn’t quite clear.How he became a great scientist is known to us all.I don’t know where we are going to have the meeting.Please tell me when we shall discuss our work plan.This is why he is late.I have no idea when he will come back.I really don’t know what he is doing.Which side will win is not clear.That is what he is worried about.Do you know who/whom they are waiting for.He asked whose dictionary it was.二．名词性从句应该注意的。

1.名词性从句用陈述语序。

注意what is the matter with…….被看作陈述语序。

如：Do you know what is the matter with him? 不能用Do you knowwhat the matter is with him?2.同位语从句和定语从句的区分：同位语从句对其前边的名词起解释补充说明,可译为“既;那就是”;定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用,译为“┉的”;that 引导的定语从句在从句中要充当成分,作宾语,表语可省略;而that引导的同位语从句只起引导作用,不充当成分,不能省略.The suggestion (that )our teacher gave us sounds OK.The suggestion that we should arrange our time scientifically sounds OK.The news (that) you heard is not true.The news that Lincoln was murdered at a theatre is true.The fact that you pointed out made me interested .The fact that there are no lives on the moon is known to us all.3.名词性从句中的what 可改为定语从句the thing(s)/ person(s) that;whatever可改为anything that, whoever 可改为anyone whoThey are careful about what they eat.=They are careful about the things that they eat.He is not what he used to be .=He is not the one that he used to be.He would believe whatever I said.= He would believe anything that I said. Whoever leaves the room last should turn off the light.= Anyone who leaves the room last should turn off the light.4.wh-ever 和no matter wh- 区分：引导让步状语从句，wh-ever可换为no matter wh-, 引导名词性从句则不能。

如：Whatever I said , he wouldn’t listen to me.= No matter what I said , he wouldn’t listen to me.5.名词性从句中that 的省略：宾语从句中的that 可以省略，但并列的宾语从句只有第一个从句的that可以省略，第二个从句和第二个以后的that不能省；it作形式宾语的宾语从句that不能省;介词后的宾语从句的that不能省；表语从句中的that和it作形式主语的主语从句的that在口语中偶有省略。

同位语从句中的that不能省略。

6.reason或cause作主语以及why引导的主语从句作主语，其后的表语从句连接词不用because，常用that，而且since和as不能引导表语从句。

Why farmland here is being lost is that farmers have cut down too manytrees in recent years.The reason for his being absence from the conference was that he wasdelayed by the accident.7.宾语从句：be+ sure / certain /glad / pleased / satisfied / surprised等也可接宾语从句。

I’m not sure what I should do.I’m afraid you don’t understand what I said.宾语从句否定的转移：主句的主语是一人称，谓语是think、believe、suppose、expect、imagine等，对从句的否定习惯上要转移到主句上，并且其反义疑问句要和从句保持一致。

I don’t think you are right, are you?I don’t believe they have finished their work yet, have they?宾语从句后有宾语补足语要用it作形式宾语。

He has made it clear that he will not give in.8. 注意it作形式主语的主语从句和强调句的区分。

练习1.Mary wrote an article on ______ the team had failed to win the game.A. whyB. whatC. whoD. that2. As soon as he comes back, I’ll tell him when ______ and see him.A. you will comeB. will you comeC. you comeD. do you come3. _____ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your email account.A. What is requiredB. What requiresC. It is requiredD. It requires4. Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and _______ it is rough or smooth.A. /B. whetherC. howD. which5. I was surprised by her words, which made me recognize______ silly mistakes I had made.A. whatB. thatC. howD. which6. I like ______ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.A. thisB. thatC. itD. one7. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _____ I disagree.A. whyB. whereC. whatD. how8. A modern city has been set up in _______ was a waste land ten years ago.A. whatB. whichC. thatD. where9. A story goes ______ ElizabethⅠof England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.A. whenB. whereC. whatD. that10. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at ______ I thought was adangerous speed.A. asB. whichC. whatD. that11. Along with the letter was his promise _______ he would visit me this coming Christmas.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. whether12. It is pretty well understood ______ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today.A. thatB. whenC. what .D how13. –Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?--Oh, that’s _______ .A. what makes me feel excitedB. whatever I feel excited aboutC. how I feel about itD. when I feel excited14. ______ made the school proud was ______ more than 90 percent of the studentshad been admitted to key universities.A. What; becauseB. What; thatC. That; whatD. That; because15. When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule:Always give the monkey exactly ______ he wants.A. whatB. whichC. whenD. that16. There’s a feeling in me ______ we’ll never know what a UFO is .A. thatB. whichC. of whichD. when17. I’ll tell them _____ came to see them last Monday.A. whoeverB. whomeverC. no matter whoD. who18. They are just college graduates and don’t realize _______ to start and runacompany.A. what takes itB. what they takeC. what takes themD. what it takes19. His income today is double ______it was five years ago.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. as20. When it was clear ______ she did not speak a word of English, I tried to talk to herusing the Spanish I learned while living in Europe.A. whatB. thatC. whyD. how21. After ______ seemed an endless wait, it was his turn to have the interview.A. thatB. itC. what .D all22. All the people around the world have the same simple dream ______ they willalways live in peace and comfort.A. thatB. whichC. whereD. when23. _______ words I use can not express my appreciation of your timely help.A. WhateverB. How manyC. No matter whatD. Whichever24. –Does it matter much ______ the sales manager won’t attend the meetingtomorrow?--I’ve no idea.A. ifB. whatC. whenD. that25. Energy is ______ makes things work.A. whatB. somethingC. anythingD. that26. The manager came over and asked the customer how ______.A. did the quarrel came outB. the quarrel had come aboutC. the quarrel has come aboutD. had the quarrel come about27. Dave lost his job and was short of money, so ______ his flat and move in with hisbrother.A. that he did was to sellB. what he did was sellC. what he did soldD. what he did was sell28.Word came ______ a group of New Zealand guests will come to visit our schoolnext Tuesday.A. thatB. whichC. /D. about which29. They have no idea at all _______ .A. what he is working onB. what is he working onC. what did he work onD. what he is working30. –I rang you at about nine, but there was no reply.--Oh, that was probably ______ I was seeing the doctor.A. whyB. when .C what D. that31. _____David says sounds right to Helen. That’s why she has made up her mind notto leave him______ happens.A. Whatever; whateverB. No matter what; whateverC. No matter what; nomatter what D. Whatever; however32. ______ is Britain now used to be three different countries and over many years thethree countries became one.A. ItB. WhatC. WhereD. As33. There is a common belief among them _______ rubbish can and should be put togood use.A. whichB. ifC. whetherD. that34. –Would you tell me _____ you want your tea, with sugar or milk?--Sugar, please.A. whetherB. whenC. whatD. how35. –What about your history test?--I’ve answered all the questions, but I’m not sure _____ I’ve got them all right.A. whatB. howC. whetherD. why36. ______ surprised me most was ______ such a little boy could play football so well.A. What; thatB. That; whatC. What; whetherD. That; why37. He is _____ known as a hacker---he likes showing off on the Internet and attackwebsitesA. whoB. whatC. thatD. the man38. That was ______ was known ______ “the theory of relativity”.A. what; likeB. what; asC. which; likeD. which; as39. ______ the workers insisted on was that they ______ more time to do it.A. That; must be givenB. What; should be givenC. Whether; would be givenD. Which; were given40. The reason _____ she gave for not being present was ______ the heavy snowprevented her coming.A. / ; becauseB. why; becauseC. /; thatD. why; whether41. I’m satisfied ______should be done has already been done.A. with whatB. that whatC. by whatD. that42. My hometown is not _____ it used to _____ ten years ago.A. when; doB. what; doC. when; beD. what; be43. The reason _____ I have to go is ______ my mother is ill in bed.A. why; whyB. why; becauseC. why; thatD. that; because44. His suggestion _____ to see the art exhibition ______ every one of us.A. that we go ; interestedB. which we should go ; interestedC. that we would go ; interestD. we would go ; be interested in45. He often thinks of _____ he can do more for his country.A. whatB. howC. thatD. which46. He got angry with ______ was against his opinion.A. whomB. whoC. whoeverD. anyone47. I don’t know ______.A. what was the matter outsideB. what the matter outside wasC. what was happened outsideD. what had happened outside48. He has come, but I didn’t know that he _____ until yesterday.A. is comingB. will comeC. was comingD. wasn’t coming49. He asked _____ for the violin.A. did I pay how muchB. I paid how muchC. how much did I payD. how much I paid50. You have no idea ______ those days.A. that we were how busy B how busy were weC. that how we were busyD. how busy we were51. Jack was soon told _____ he did was not necessary.A. whyB. thatC. howD. why what52. It’s well known ______ a person eats causes changes in the body.A. that B what C. how D. that what , when and how53.Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see_ ______.A. who is heB. who he isC. who is itD. who it is54._______she couldn’t understand was _______fewer and fewer students showedinterest in her lesson.A. What; whyB. That; whatC. What; becauseD. Why; that55.Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster_______ he had done the daybefore.A. thatB. howC. whereD. what56._____ you don’t like him is none of my business.A. WhatB. WhoC. ThatD. Whether57.What the doctors really doubt is _______ my mother will recover from the seriousdisease soon.A. whenB. howC. whetherD. why58.______ is no possibility______ Bob can win the first prize in the match.A. There; thatB. It; thatC. There; whetherD. It; whether59.These wild flowers are so special that I would do______ I can to save them.A. whateverB. thatC. whichD. whichever60.______ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. AnyoneB. The personC. WhoeverD. Who61.I remember______ this used to be a quiet village.A. whenB. howC. whereD. what62.Go and get your coat. It’s ______you left it.A. thereB. whereC. there whereD. where there63.---I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.---Is that _____ you had a few days off?A. whyB. whenC. whatD. where64.They have no idea at all______.A. where he has goneB. where did he goC. which place has he goneD. where has he gone65.No one can be sure______ in a million years.A. what man will look likeB. what will man look likeC. man will look like whatD. what look will man like66.______ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A. ThereB. ThisC. ThatD.It67.---I think it’s going to be a big problem.---Yes, it could be.---I wonder ______ we can do about it.A. ifB. howC. whatD. that68.Perseverance is a kind of quality and that’s _____ it takes to do anything well.A. whatB. thatC. whichD. why69._____ be sent to work there?A. Who do you suggestB. Who do you suggest that shouldC. Do you suggest who shouldD. Do you suggest whom should70.Eat_____ cake you like and leave the others for_____ comes in late.A. any; whoB. every; whoeverC. whichever; whoeverD. either; whoever71.There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars_____ roadcondition need_____.A.that; to be improvedB. which; to be improvedC. where; improvingD. when; improving72.Some of the scientists held the point __ __ the book said was right.A. what whatB. what thatC. that thatD. that what73.Whether ways will be found to stop pollution or not is just _____ worries the public.A. whyB. whichC. thatD. what74.There is little doubt ____ her advice is of greater value to us.A. thatB. whetherC. whyD. of75.We can’t believe that he drew such a big conclusion according to ______ he tookfor granted.A. asB. thatC. whatD. it76.____ we are doing has never been done before.A. ThatB. WhatC. WhichD. Whether77.The boy dived into the water and after ____ seemed to be a long time, he came upagain.A. whatB. thatC. itD. which78.The thought____ Lao Gao would open a Sichuan restaurant in Los Angelessurprised his wife.A. thatB. whatC. whetherD.if79.Please tell me ____ you want your coffee, black or white?A. whatB. whenC. whetherD. how80._____ we can pass the coming examination will mainly depend on _____ we learnand _____ we learn it.A. Whether; what; howB. That; whether; whyC. If;how;thatD. Why; that; how81._____ people spend so much money on their pets ____ us a lot.A. That; surprisesB. What; surprisingC. How; are surprisedD. That; is surprised82.We believe ____ you have been devoted to _____ naturally of great necessity.A. That;beingB.all that; beC. that all; areD. what; is83.Although most of them have no doubt _____ he will pass the exam, I still thinkthere is somethingabout ____ he has really got everything ready.A. whether;thatB. that;whetherC. that;thatD. whether;whether84.I s this book ______ you bought yesterday?A. thatB. whenC. the one whatD. the one85.Is this the book ______ you bought yesterday?A. whatB. the oneC. oneD. that86.I read about it in some book or other. Does it matter ______ it was?A. whereB. whatC. howD. which87._____we can’t get seems better than _____ we have.A. What; whatB. What; thatC. That; thatD. That; what88.Sarah hopes to become a friend of _____ shares her interests.A. anyoneB. whomeverC. whoeverD. no matter who89._____ much advice I gave him, he did exactly what he wanted to do.A. HowB. WhateverC. HoweverD. No matter90.It worried her a bit ______ her hair was turning gray.A. whileB. thatC. ifD. for91.______ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A. IfB. ThatC. WhereD. Whether92.The poor young man is ready to accept _____ help he can get.A. whicheverB. howeverC. whateverD. whenever93.Some researchers believe that there is no doubt _____ a cure for AIDS will befound.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. whether94.They received orders ______ the work be done at once.A. whichB. whenC. /D. that95.Rose looks pale. What do you think ______ to her?A. that has happenedB. to have happenedC. that has been happenedD. has happened96.He doesn’t think the question of ______ they are men or women is important.A. whetherB. ifC. whichD. why97.America was _____ was first called “India” by Columbus.A. whatB. whereC. the placeD. there where98.It was in foreign country _____ I felt , for the first time in my life , _____ regretful Iwas about the time wasted playing around .A. where; thatB. that; howC. that; whichD. where; how99.With the development of modern electrical engineering, we can send power to_____it is needed.A. howeverB. wheneverC. whereverD. whichever100.It’s known to us ______ there is pollution , there is harm.A. thatB. whereC. whatD. that where101. _____manners are very important in every country is known to all but the trouble is ______different countries have different ideas about ______good manners are.A.That; that; whatB. That; what; whatC. What; that ;thatD.What; what; that 102. _____she will come or not is not easy to say.A. ThatB. WhenC. IfD. Whether103. His excuse for not being able to come here on time is ______ the train was late.A. whyB. ifC. howD. that104. I have no idea _____ he has been.A. whichB. whereC. whenD. that105. He asked me _______the green cap was.A. whoseB. whichC. thatD. what106. It looks _____everything was in order.A. thatB. whereC. as ifD. how107. It makes no difference ______.A. that who will go with meB. why will they stayC. when you will leaveD. that how you get there108. Mike always thinks of _____ he does good deeds for others.A. thatB. ifC. /D. how109. Which of the following is right?A.It is true what he said at the meeting.B. What he said at the meeting is true.B.He had been chosen made us happy. D. A man’s worth lies not so much inwhat he has as in he is.110. There is often enough information on the card to tell you ______ or not.A. if the book will be usefulB. whether will the book be usefulC. if will the book be usefulD. where the trouble is111. It was quite true _______he had done made his parents angry.A. whatB. all whatC. that whatD. what that112. A modern city has been set up in _______was a wasteland ten years ago.A. whatB. whichC. thatD. where113. It was five o’clock in the afternoon _______ they climbed up to the top of themountain.A. thatB. untilC. whenD. since114. The fact puzzled Jack much ______ he has been unable to pass the driving test up to now.A. whyB. becauseC. howD. that115. Jane and Tim still remember that it was ______, their parents, who encouraged them to continue the education.A. thoseB. whoC. theyD. whom116. How close parents are to their children ______a strong effect on the character of the children.A. haveB. havingC. hasD. to have117. ______is known to us all is that China has launched Shenzhou spaceship successfully.A. ThatB. ItC. WhatD. As118. ______is known to us all that China has launched Shenzhou spaceship successfully.A. ThatB. ItC. WhatD. As119. _____is really good news to us is ______we will see an exciting film instead of taking part in an exam.A. It; thatB. What; howC. It; howD. What; that120. The boy dived into the water and, after ______ seemed to be a long time, he came up again.A. whatB. thatC. itD. which121. ______we can pass the coming examination will mainly depend on ______we learn and ______we learn it.A. Whether; what; howB. That; whether; whyC. If; how; thatD. Why; that;how122. ______ surprise me most is that she doesn’t even know ______the difference between the two lies.A. What; whereB. What; whatC. That; whereD. That; what123. They lost their way in the forest, and______ made matters worse was that night began to fall.A. thatB. itC. whatD. which124. I’ll give the dictionary to ______wants to have it.A. whomeverB. someoneC. whoeverD. anyone125. Professor Lee’s book will show you ______can be used in other contexs.A. that you have observedB. that how you have observedC. how that you have observedD. how what you have observed126. Although she was listening, she didn’t hear _______because there was so much noise.A. what did sayB. what did he sayC. what he was sayingD. what said he 127. _____college students should learn more about the Chinese history.A. I consider important thatB. I consider it importantC. I consider it important thatD. I consider what is important128. We could see the water tower quite clearly from ______.A. that we livedB. where we lived inC. where we livedD. we lived 129. Last week he promised ______ today, but he hasn’t arrived yet.A. that he would have comeB. what would he have comeC. which he would comeD. that he would come130. He is trying all kinds of material to learn _______used.A. what of them can beB. that they can beC. which of them can beD. which of them be can131. _____is known to all, after all, that China’s economy is recovering very quickly.A. AsB. ThatC. ItD. Which参考答案1—5AACBA 6—10 CBADC 11—15 BCABA 16—20 ADDCB21—25 CAADA 26—30 BDAAB 31—35 ABDDC 36—40 ABBBC41—45 BDCAB 46—50 CACDD 51—55 DDDAD 56—60 CCAAC61—65 ABAAA 66—70 DCAAC 71—75 ADDAC 76—80 BAADA81—85 ADBDD 86—90 DACCB 91—95 DCBDD 96—100 AABCD101—105 ADDBA 106—110 CCDBA 111—115 CACDC116—120CCBDA 121—125 AACCD 126—130 CCCDC 131—135C。