英语语法
句子成分 和
基本句型
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什么是句子？
句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的，是 能表达一个完整概念的语言单位．句子的第
一个字母必须大写，结尾要有．？ ！
I am a teacher.
Are you a student?
How beautiful the girl is !
He has caught a bad cold. （3）由系动词加表语构成。如：
We are students. 注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。
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• 1. Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.
• A. Tom B. didn't homework
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句子包括哪些成分？
现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、 谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成 分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、 表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语 （attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语 （complement）。
4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.
（不定式）
5.Smoking does harm to the health（. 动名词）
6.The rich should help the poor.
（名词化的形容词）
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7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. （主语从句）
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1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. （名词）
2.We often speak English in class（. 代词）
3.One-third of the students in this class are girls. （数词）
C. do D. his
• 2. What I want to tell you is this.
• A. want B. to
C. you D. is
• 3. We had better send for a doctor.
• A. We B. had
C. send D. doctor
• 4. He is interested in music.
它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。 • 表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、 副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语 及表语从句表示。例如：
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1.Our teacher of English is an American. （名词）
• ② There is an old man coming here. • ③ The useful dictionary was given by my
mother last year. • ④ To do today's homework without the
teacher's help is very difficult.
• A. is B. interested C. in D. music
• 5. Whom did you give my book to?
• A. give B. did
C. whom D. book
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表语
• 表语(Predicative) • 用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，
2.Is it yours? （代词）
3.The weather has turned cold. （形容词）
4.The speech is exciting. （分词）
5.Three times seven is twenty one? （数词）
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6.His job is to teach English. （不定式）
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谓语
• 谓语 (Predicate) 说明主语所做的动作或 具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语， 一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：
• 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构 成。如：
He practices running every morning. The plane took off at ten o’clock.
英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型 及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本 句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。
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1.主语(Subject)：主语是一个句子所叙述 的主体，常位于句首。
2. 但在there be结构、疑问句（主语不是 疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、 助动词或情态动词后。主语可由下列结构 表示。
8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.
（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）
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• 句子成分练习题( 一 ) • (一). 指出下列句中主语的中心词（4分， 4分
钟）
• ① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.
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谓语
• 2、复合谓语： （1）由情态动词加动词原形构成。如：
You may keep the book for two weeks. （2）由助动词加动词原形,现在分词,过去分词构
成。如： Do you speak English？
They are working in a field.
7.His hobby is playing football. （动名词）
8.The meeting is of great importance. （介词短语）