必修二第四单元I.词汇短语过关1. respond vi.回答，答复；响应，作出反应response n. 回答，回复；反应respond to sb./sth回答（比answer, reply to正式）respond to sb./sth. （with/ by sth.）用. 回应某人（事）respond to （疾病、身体的受伤部分）对医药有良好反应respo nse to sb./sth.对人/物）的回答/回复/反应in resp onse to作为对.. 的反应[即学即练1]（1）______________________ They still haven't my letter.他们至今仍没有回我的信。
（2）___________ He _________________ my suggestion a laugh/ laughing. 他对我的建议报以一笑。
（3）______________________ His illness didn't treatment by drugs.他的疾病对药物治疗没有反应。
（4）_______________________________________ My mother opened the door the knock, but there was noone outside.听到敲门声后，我妈妈打开了门，但外面一个人都没有。
responded to , responded to , with , by , respond to , in response to2. certain adj. 确定的；无疑的；某（种）⑴作“某（种）”讲时，同义于some但some前不加冠词。
for a certa in reason^ for some reas on 由于某种原因certa in professors^ some professors 某些教授a certain amount of time 相当一段时间（2）作“确信的，有把握的”讲时，同义于sure.但是certain的主语既可以是人，也可用于It is certain that...句型，而sure 主语只能是人。
“be certain/sur3从句”（人）有把握/确信（表示主语的信念）be certain/sure of/about sth. 人（）确信（表示主语的信念）be certain/sure to do sth.必定/肯定会做某事（主语常为二、三人称，表示说话人的信念）“ make certain/sure^从句”弄清楚/确保...make certai n/sure of/about sth.把某件事情弄清楚for certain/sure 确定地，确切地（做状语）It is certain that... 一定会.... (不能用sure)[ 即学即练2](1) There was ________________ i n his manne他的态度有点冷淡。
(2) Are you ___________________ i? 你对此有把握吗？(3) He is _________________ his duty他肯定会尽职。
(4) _______________ he has wron ged me.确信他冤枉了我。
⑸________________ their team will win the match他们队肯定会赢得比赛。
a certain coldness , certain about/of , certain to do , I 'm certain that , It 's certain that3. contain vt.包含；容纳(=hold);抑制(=control)[ 即学即练3](1) His paper __________ no mistakes at all.他的试卷没有一点错误。
(2) Orange juice __________ t h i n g s which help keep you healthy.橘汁里含有有益于健康的东西。
(3) This bottle _________ two glasses of beer.这个瓶子可容纳两杯啤酒。
(4) He could n't __________ f or joy 他不胜欢喜。
contained , contains , contains , contain himself4. affect vt影响；感动；(疾病)侵袭be greatly/deeply affected 很/深受感动be affected by heat/cold 中暑/着凉be affected with high fever 发高烧[ 即学即练4](1) The amount of rain _____ t he growth of crops降雨量直接影响庄稼生长。
(2) 0 ne of her lungs ___________ a little so that she has to rest 她的一叶肺有些感染，所以她不得不休息。
(3) The audience __________________ by his speech.听众被他的演讲深深打动了。
affects , is affected , were deeply affected5. appreciate vt. 欣赏；感激；喜欢appreciation n. 欣赏；感激appreciate sth. (tha nk sb.)感激某事或某人appreciatedo ing sth感激做某事one/on e's doing sth感激某人做某事I would appreciate it if...如果 ... ，我将不胜感激。
[ 即学即练5](1) He highly ________________________ .他非常感谢他的帮助。
(2) We shall ________________________ you again.我们将很高兴再次收到您的来信。
(3) I really __________________________ to the party.你能来参加这次聚会我太高兴了。
(4) I would ____________________ you could help me.如果你能帮助我，我将不胜感激。
appreciated his help appreciate hearing from appreciate your coming appreciate it if 6. succeed v.成功success n. [U成功；成就[C]成功的人或事successful adj. 成功的successfully adv. 成功地succeed in doing sth. have success in doing sth.be successful in doing sth成功做某事achieve great success取得巨大的成功sb./sth. is a success成功的人或事[即学即练6](1) We all ____________________ the mid —term exami natio n.我们都成功地通过了期中考试。
(2) Failure is the mother of ________ 失. 败是成功之母。
(3) He was _______________________ as a novelist.他是非常成功的小说家。
succeeded in passing , success , a success7. harm vt. & n .损害；危害harmful adj.有害的be harmful to= do harm todo sb. harm= do harm to sb对 . 有害There is no harm in doing sth.=It does no harm (for sb.)to do sth.做某事是个好主意(或没有坏处)。
[ 即学即练7](1) The dog seems fierce, but it won' t ____ anyone这条狗看上去很凶，但它不会伤害任何人。
(2) Fruit juice can _____________________ children ' s teeth.果汁可能损坏儿童的牙齿。
(3) He may say no, but _________________________ askin他可能拒绝，但问一问也无妨。
harm , be harmful to , there is no harm in8．die out 灭亡，逐渐消失die out 绝种，灭绝；熄灭；(风俗、习惯等)逐渐消失die off(家族、种族等)相继死亡；(草木)先后枯死die away(声音、光线、风等)渐弱，渐息，平息die down(火、光线、兴奋、暴风雨等)渐弱，渐息；(声音)静下来die of 指死于疾病、衰老、饥饿、悲伤等die from 指由于外伤、外界原因、粗心、不注意、劳累过度等而死[ 即学即练8](1) Scientists said that those plants _____ a century ago.科学家们说那些植物一个世纪前就绝种了。
(2) Many old customs __________________________ .许多古老的风俗正逐渐消失。
(3) If the snowstorm does not blow over, the cattle will ____________ .如果暴风雪不停息，牲畜就要死掉了。
(4) Open the air hole; the fire is _________________ .把气孔打开，火要熄了。
died out , are dying out , die off , dying down(5) Every winter some old people _____________ hypothermia.每年冬天都有一些老人死于体温过低。
(6) Nowadays many people ______________ ca n ce r .现在有很多人死于癌症。
die from , die of9．in danger (of...) 处于危险之中out of danger 脱离危险[ 即学即练9](1) The drowned girl was obviously很明显，那个溺水的女孩的生命危在旦夕。