简单句的五种基本类型
简单句（Simple Sentences）就是只包含一个主谓结构的句子
----它的结构就是这么简单,所以才叫简单句的啊!
按结构分
一个完整的简单句由“主语部分+谓语部分”构成
The man is a teacher.
主语部分谓语部分
He works hard.
主语部分谓语部分
He teaches English well.
主语部分谓语部分
哲学上说: 运动是绝对的静止是相对的
造句的关键就在于动词
一般而言,每个句子都应该有个动词( 除了省略句外)
连系动词be (am is are was were) / seem / keep是/好象(似乎)是/保持
look / feel / taste / smell / sound 看/感觉/尝/闻/听起来(上去)
become / turn / get / grow 变得
主要动词
动词
行为动词不及物动词laugh / smile / look / listen
及物动词see / hear / drink / eat
助动词be (am / is /are / was / were)
do / does / did
have / has / had
will / shall / be going to
辅助动词
情态动词can / may / must / shall / need
could / should / would / might
have (has) to / had better
表语:表示主语是什么(身份)或者怎么样(处于什么状态)。
由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当。
和连系动词一起构成谓语,也就是说: 连系动词后面的就/才是表语!
He is a boy. She is a girl. They are students. They are good.
He looks / seems ill.
The apple tastes nice.
Trees turn green.
Your idea sounds good.
主语连系动词表语
狗咬人。
主语谓语宾语
人咬狗。
主语谓语宾语
什么是及物动词和不及物动词呢?!
及物动词是后面可以直接跟宾语的动词: see / hear / drink / eat / …
I saw him last week.
We heard the bad news yesterday.
They eat bread every day.
He drank a glass of milk just now.
不及物动词是后面不可以直接跟宾语的动词: laugh / smile / look / listen / …
She smiled happily.
They laughed loudly.
如果要加宾语,就要靠一个介词来帮助:
She look at the blackboard carefully.
He listened to his teacher in class.
They laughed at us after the match.
不及物动词
主谓结构（SV）=主语+谓语动词
The worker ran fast.
The doctor listened carefully.
The duck is swimming
The girl dances well.
及物动词
主谓宾结构（SVO）=主语+谓语+宾语
He is playing the guitarnow.
He played soccer yesterday
有些词既是及物动词又是不及物动词，那就要看意思上的区别了
They fly the kites. 他们放风筝。
The kites fly in the sky . 风筝在天上飞。
及物动词
主谓双宾结构（SVOiOd）=主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
She teaches us.
She teaches English.
She teaches us English.
She told me a story.
He gave me a present.
可以用于这种句式的动词主要有
(A) buy / build / catch / cut choose / cook / find / get / keep / make / draw / do
He bought me a new bike.
也可以改为for sb. 的句式He bought a new bike for me.
(B) give / take / send / bring / teach / show / tell / pay / write / read / sell / lend / pass / return / throw / offer / hand
She lent me a book.
也可以改为to sb. 的句式She lent a book to me.
及物动词
主谓宾宾补结构（SVOC）=主语+谓语+宾语+宾语的补足语
He told me to clean my room
I saw her dancing.
Our teacher asks us to read English every day.
总结：简单句5种基本句型
主语＋谓（不及物动词）
She came．/ My father laughed.
主语＋谓（及物动词）＋宾语
She likes English.
主语＋系动词＋表语
She is happy．
主语＋谓＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
She gave John a book．
She bought a book for me.
主语＋谓＋宾语＋宾语补语
She makes her mother angry．
The teacher asked me to read the passage.
[1] 主系表型
She is a very good girl .
(主语) (连系动词) (表语)
The girl is very good.
(主语) (连系动词) (表语)
[2] 主谓型
<1>主谓式: They ‖laughed. The kites ‖fly in the sky.
(主语) (谓语动词) (主语) (谓语动词)
<2>主谓宾式: I ‖bought a new bike. He ‖plays volleyball.
(主语) (谓语动词) (宾语) (主语) (谓语动词) (宾语)
<3>主谓宾宾式:
She ‖told me a story. He ‖gave me a good book. (主语) (谓语动词) (宾语) (宾语) (主语) (谓语动词) (宾语) (宾语)
<4>主谓宾宾补式
He ‖asked me to help him. He ‖made me happy. (主语) (谓语动词) (宾语) (宾语补足语) (主语) (谓语动词) (宾语) (宾语补足语)
Exercises :
把下列简单句按基本句型分类：
1.No body is here.
2. He passed me a cup of tea.
3. Tom doesn’t know the pop star.
4.My mother stays at home.
5. The milk tastes good.
6. The car caught fire.
7. The teacher has told me the fact. 8. He is reading a book.
9. He gave me a lecture yesterday. 10. She is very friendly.
11. I can swim. 12. I have had a good time .
13. I found him talking. 14. This English book is very interesting
主+ 谓：
主+ 谓+ 宾：
主+ 系+ 表：
主+ 谓+ 双宾：
主+ 谓+ 宾+ 宾补：。