Lesson 15 Fifty pence worth of trouble1.pence1.(often in compound) pl. of pennye.g. (1) 两便士two-pence(2) 十一便士eleven pence(3) 几个便士a few pence2. –pence ……便士价钱的e.g. (1) 一枚13便士的邮票a 13-pence stamp(2) 一枚5便士的硬币a 5-pence piece (=coin)注：英语中的便士有两种复数形式pence 和pennies ，但用法不同。

如：a fifty pence 指1个50便士的硬币fifty pennies指50个1便士的硬币2.worthworth of 指值一定金额数量的；相当于特定单位数量的worth 为名词，常用介词of搭配使用，构成以上意义。

worth n. [u] value 价值e.g. (1) 价值极高的宝石jewels of great worth(2) 这场暴风雨造成数千英镑价值的损失。

The storm did thousands of pounds’worth of damage.adj. worth1. having a value in money 有~价值；值~钱e.g. 我们的房子大约值10万美元。

Our house is worth about $100000.2.~sth. / doing sth. (指行动)值得，有价值e.g. 这是部很值得看的影片。

It’s a film that is really worth seeing.antonym: worthless adj. 没用的，无价值的3.appreciate v. 欣赏；领会；感激。

后接名词、代词或动名词，不可使用动词不定式，如：(1)我们当中没有几个能真正欣赏京剧。

Not many of us can appreciate Beijing opera.(2) 运动员极为珍稀能有空休息一下。

The players really appreciate having time to relax.appreciate v.1.向……表示感谢，感激e.g. (1) 对你的帮助我们表示感谢。

We appreciate your help.(2) 我们非常感激在这么困难的时候有这么好的朋友。

We appreciate having such good friends at this difficult time.2. 欣赏，赏识e.g. 他们确实欣赏威尔士平和、宁静的农村生活。

They really appreciate the peace and quiet of rural Wales.3. (充分)意识到，体会e.g. 我知道令你焦急不安的原因。

I appreciate the reasons for your anxiety.4.provide a regular supply of 定期供应/提供e.g. 过去政府总是定期向那一落后地区提供救济粮。

The government used to provide a regular supply of relief grain for that backward area. (give them pocket money regularly 按时给他们零花钱)supply v.1.(to) to provide (sth that is needed)供应（所需物品）e.g. 政府免费给学校供应书籍。

The government supplies free books to schools.2. [(with)] to provide things to (a person) for use向某人提供某物e.g. 给新招聘人员发放了制服。

The new recruits were supplied with uniforms.supply n. [of] （一般用复数）an amount for use 供给量，供应量e.g. 你要带大量的食品来。

Bring a large supply of food with you.2. in short supply difficult to obtain because of shortage 供应不足，短缺e.g. 由于收成不好，现在马铃薯供应不足。

Potatoes are in short supply because of the bad harvest.5.source n. [of]a place from which something comes; means of supply 来源，出处e.g. 我们不得不寻找新的收入来源。

We ‘ll have to find a new source of income.the place where a stream of water starts.溪流的发源地，泉源，水源e.g.我们逆流而上，寻找河流的源头。

We followed the river back to discover its source.6.extra adj. ,advadditional(ly); beyond what is usual or necessary额外的（地）；特别的（地）e.g. （1）我需要一些额外的钱。

I need some extra money.(2) 我要特别努力地工作。

I’m going to work extra hard.as well as the regular charge 外加的e.g. （1）晚饭的价钱是三英镑，酒水另计。

Dinner costs 3 pounds, and wine is extra.(2) 他们对酒水另外收钱。

They charge extra for wine.(3) [用于名词后] 我不得不另付三英镑。

I had to pay ￡3 extra.extra n.1.sth added, for which an extra charge is made另外收费的事物e.g. 在这家旅店热水浴另外收费。

At this hotel a hot bath is an extra.2. a special edition (=one printing)of a newspaper[报纸的]号外e.g.晚间最新号外！Late evening extra!7.with 对于，就……来说。

介词with可用来表示与所谈话题看起来相关的事物，如：e.g. （1）（对）他们（来说）一切都进行得很顺利。

Everything was going on well with them.(2) 对那些不思进取的人来说都一样。

With those who don’t hope to make any progress, it’s the same.8.go a long way 耐用，经用（通常用来指食物或钱财能维持很长时间）e.g. 那两个人从他们正在下沉的船上打捞的食物的确能维持不少时日。

The food the two men saved from their sinking boat could really go a long way.此外，go a long way还常被用来表示“有很大作用”“大有帮助”之意如：e.g. 好的意愿与协作有益于你顺利取得成功。

Goodwill and cooperation can go a long way to(wards) smoothing your way to the success. 9.exchange v. [T (for, with)] to give and receive in return (sth of the same type or equal value)交易；交换，调换e.g.(1)两队在开赛前交换礼品。

The two teams exchanged presents before the game.(2) 我们经常在圣诞节互寄信函。

We often exchange letters at Christmas.(3) 我同比尔互换了座位。

I exchanged seats with Bill.exchange……for……以（用）……换（取）……e.g. 我想把这套裙子换号大些的。

I’d like to exchange this dress for one in a larger size.如同介词with则表示“同……换……”之意e.g. 玛丽同约翰换了座位。

Mary exchanged seats with John.exchange n.1.[c;u] (a case of) the act of exchanging交换，互换e.g. 他给我一个苹果，交换一块蛋糕。

He gave me an apple in exchange for a piece of cake.2. 交易所e.g. 股票交易所the Stock Exchange10.sweet n.1.[c] BrE 糖果a small piece of sweet food made of sugar or chocolatee.g. 吃糖果对牙齿有坏处。

Eating sweets is bad for your teeth.2. [c; u] BrE sweet food served at the end of a meal, dessert. (餐后的)甜食，甜点adj.1.having a taste like that of sugar 甜（味）的e.g. 一个甜苹果a sweet apple2. pleasing to the senses悦耳的；惬意的；芬芳的；令人感觉愉快的e.g. 悦耳的音乐sweet music3. (esp. of small or young things) charming, lovable [尤指小的事物或年幼的孩子]可爱的e.g.你们的小男孩穿上新外套，样子真可爱。

Your little boy looks very sweet in his new coat.4. gentle, kind, or attractive in manner[举止、态度]和蔼可亲的，温柔的，体贴的e.g. 你没忘记我的生日，多么体贴人啊！How sweet of you to remember my birthday.adv. -ly11.rattle v.1.[I; T] to (cause to) make a number of quick sharp noises like small hard objects hitting each other repeatedly(使)咯咯作响，(使)互相碰撞发出短促细小的声音e.g. (1) 几扇窗子在风中作响。