法学硕士学位论文宪法视野下的重大行政决策公众参与权探究ON THE RIGHT OF PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN MAJORADMINISTRATIVE DECISIONS FORM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THECONSTITUTION金光俊宪法学与行政法学延边大学学校代码：10184分类号：D9112 0 1 8法学硕士学位论文宪法视野下的重大行政决策公众参与权探究金光俊分类号D911密级U D C342.9学号2015010034延边大学硕士学位论文宪法视野下的重大行政决策公众参与权探究研究生姓名金光俊培养单位延边大学指导教师姓名、职称严海玉副教授学科专业宪法学与行政法学研究方向行政法理论与行政执法研究论文提交日期2018年5月25日随着社会的快速发展和行政决策机制的不断完善，重大行政决策也不仅仅是行政决策机关的内部事项，公众参与重大行政决策也逐渐走进公众视野，《全面推进依法行政实施纲要》作为行政机关决策的指导性意见，明确提出了重大行政决策要广泛听取各界意见，对决策的合法性进行论证，有效避免行政机关一言堂。

随着法治政府建设的逐步推进，特别是在党的十八届四中全会上，公众参与已经成为重大行政决策了必要程序要件之一，而且其地位和作用逐步得到加强。

在国家顶层设计逐步发展完善的前提下，各级政府及相关部门也对公众参与重大行政决策的法规规章及政策性文件进行了细化规定，各地也在具体实践中不断对该制度进行发展完善，各类公众听证和专家论证也逐渐得到推广，在重大行政决策过程中发挥的作用也逐渐显现出来，社会公众对于政府重大行政决策在程序上也逐渐开始认可，极大地改善了行政机关在群众中的形象。

虽然整体是不断发展进步的，但在具体实践中，由于公众参与重大行政决策受到多方面因素的制约，其在程序上受到的限制仍然很多，部分程序还是难免流于形式，实质作用发挥的并不如制度预期。

本文拟通过对重大行政决策过程中公众参与权的理论内涵和实质外延进行分析，理清公众参与在重大行政决策中的理想运行模式，并结合当前具体行政中的实践，从宪法角度，逐步梳理归纳出当前公众参与重大行政决策存在的问题和不足，特别是对决策模式和参与程序这两大关键性问题进行分析，并对具体问题展开讨论，真正明确了当前这一制度在我国出现问题的根源，为下一步制定具体措施奠定基础。

在前期做好理论分析和实践铺垫的基础上，结合公众参与重大行政决策中暴露出的薄弱环节，因地制宜提出具备可操作性的完善思路和想法，着重从保障公众的参与权、保证专家的意见权、完善重大行政决策公众参与权的法律救济等方面提出了六条具体的建议和意见，为进一步服务实践提供参考。

关键词：重大行政决策；公众参与权；专家意见权；法律救济With the rapid development of the society and the continuous improvement of the administrative decision-making mechanism,the major administrative decisions are not only the internal matters of the administrative decision-making organs,but the public participation in major administrative decisions has gradually entered the public field of vision."The comprehensive promotion of the implementation of the administrative implementation of the law" as a guiding opinion of the decision of the administrative organs has been clearly put forward. Major administrative decisions should be widely listened to,and the legality of decision-making should be demonstrated.With the gradual advancement of the construction of the government under the rule of law,especially in the party's the fourth Plenary Session of the18th CPC Central Committee,public participation has become one of the necessary procedural elements for major administrative decisions,and its status and role have been gradually strengthened.On the premise of the gradual development and perfection of the top level design of the country,governments at all levels and related departments have also refined the rules and regulations and policy documents of the public participation in major administrative decisions,and the system is constantly developed and perfected in the specific practice,and the public hearing and expert arguments are gradually popularized.The role played in the process of major administrative decision-making has gradually emerged,and the public has gradually begun to approve of the government's major administrative decisions,which has greatly improved the image of the administrative organs in the masses.Although the whole is the continuous development and progress,but in concrete practice,because the public participation in major administrative decisions is restricted by many factors,the restrictions on the procedure are still many,some of the procedures are still in the form of form,and the substantive role is not as good as the system.Through the analysis of the theoretical connotation and the essence extension of the public participation right in the process of major administrative decision-making,this article clarifies the ideal operation mode of public participation in the major administrative decisions,and combines the practice in the present concrete administration,and gradually combs and sums up the existence of the major administrative decisions involving the former public from the perspective of the constitution.Problems and shortcomings,especially the analysis of the two key issues of the decision-making model and the participation procedure, and discuss the specific problems,really clear the root of the current problem in China,and lay the foundation for the next steps to make concrete measures.On the basis of theoretical analysis and practical paving,and combining with the public participation in the weak links exposed in the major administrative decisions,the author puts forward the perfect ideas and ideas that have operability in the light of local conditions, and emphasizes the law of ensuring the right to participate in the public,guaranteeing the opinion of the experts,and perfecting the law of the public participation in the major administrative decisions.Six concrete suggestions and suggestions are put forward in order to provide reference for further service practice.Key words:major administrative decision;public participation right;expert opinion right; legal relief.目录摘要-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------I Abstract-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------II 第一章绪论----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11.1选题的目的和研究意义---------------------------------------------------------------------------11.1.1研究的目的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------11.1.2研究的意义----------------------------------------------------------------------------------11.2国内外研究现状-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------21.2.1国外研究动态-------------------------------------------------------------------------------21.2.2国内研究动态-------------------------------------------------------------------------------21.3研究方法和结构安排------------------------------------------------------------------------------41.3.1研究方法-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------41.3.2结构安排-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------41.4研究难点和可能的创新---------------------------------------------------------------------------41.4.1研究难点-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------41.4.2可行性创新----------------------------------------------------------------------------------5第二章重大行政决策公众参与权一般理论------------------------------------------------------------62.1重大行政决策含义---------------------------------------------------------------------------------62.1.1概念-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------62.1.2界定-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------72.2公众参与权含义------------------------------------------------------------------------------------72.2.1概念-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------72.2.2界定-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------82.3公众参与权的法学理论---------------------------------------------------------------------------82.3.1公民权利的宪法原则----------------------------------------------------------------------82.3.3民主监督的宪法原则----------------------------------------------------------------------92.3.4程序正当的行政法原则------------------------------------------------------------------10第三章重大行政决策公众参与权得不到保障-------------------------------------------------------113.1公众参与权的不重视-----------------------------------------------------------------------------113.1.1公众听证权的忽视------------------------------------------------------------------------113.1.2专家意见权的忽略------------------------------------------------------------------------123.2重大行政决策科学性缺失-----------------------------------------------------------------------133.2.1信息公开合理性的欠缺------------------------------------------------------------------133.1.3公众反馈意见的缺失---------------------------------------------------------------------153.3重大行政决策模式的不合理--------------------------------------------------------------------163.3.1决策模式充分性的缺乏------------------------------------------------------------------163.3.1决策模式的范围不规范------------------------------------------------------------------20第四章重大行政决策公众参与权的程序构思-------------------------------------------------------194.1保障重大行政决策公众参与权-----------------------------------------------------------------194.1.1保障公众听证权---------------------------------------------------------------------------194.1.1保障公众参与权---------------------------------------------------------------------------234.2保证重大行政决策专家意见权-----------------------------------------------------------------194.2.1保证专家论证权---------------------------------------------------------------------------224.2.2保证专家意见权---------------------------------------------------------------------------224.3完善行政决策公众参与权的法律救济--------------------------------------------------------244.3.1确立知情权的法律救济------------------------------------------------------------------244.3.2确立参与权的法律救济------------------------------------------------------------------25结语----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------27参考文献-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------30致谢-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------32第一章绪论1.1选题的目的和研究意义1.1.1研究的目的重大行政决策作为行政决策的一部分，其内容往往涉及到绝大多数公众群体的利益，其做出程序是否合理合法对于实现公众权利、树立行政机关权威具有至关重要的作用。