考研英语2003年阅读text 4高频重点单词详解1. 1 optional ['ɔpʃәnәl]adj.可选择的, 随意的【词根记忆】：option(选择)+ al(形容词)→可选择的→随意的【短语精选】：optional course 选修科目【真题例句】：It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional. 据说，死亡在英国是迫在眉睫的，死亡在加拿大是不可避免的，死亡在加利福尼亚是可以选择的。
(2003 text 4)2. 3 expectancy [ik'spektәnsi]n.期待, 期望【词根记忆】：ex(向外)+ spect(看)+ ancy(名词)→向外看→期待【短语精选】：life expectancy 预期寿命，平均寿命【真题例句】：Americans’life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. 过去的一个世纪，美国的人均寿命增长了一倍。
(2003 text 4)3. 10 confront [kәn'frʌnt]vt.使面临, 对抗【词根记忆】：con(共同)+ front(面部，正面)→面面相对→面临，对抗【短语精选】：be confronted with [by] (a difficulty) 碰到(困难)【真题例句】：But not even a great health-care system can cure death --and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours. 但是，就算是一个了不起的医疗体系也治愈不了死亡——而且我们不能直面“治愈不了死亡”这个事实，也威胁着我们的伟大。
(2003 text 4)4. 23 genetic [dʒɪ'netɪk]adj. 遗传的; 起源的【词根记忆】：gene(基因，出生,产生)+tic(表形容词属于…的)→源自基因的→遗传的【短语精选】：genetic information, material, etc 遗传信息﹑物质等【经典例句】：The degeneration of regenerative gene is exaggerated.更新基因的退步夸大了.5. 1 disintegrate [dis'intigreit]vt.(使)分解, (使)碎裂【词根记忆】：dis(分开)+ integr(完整)+ ate(动词)→使完整的东西分开→分解【短语精选】：the gradual disintegration of traditional values 传统价值观念的逐渐淡薄【经典例句】：The plane flew into a mountain and disintegrated on impact. 飞机冲向一座山, 撞得粉碎。
6. 1 perish ['periʃ]vi.毁灭, 死亡, 腐烂, 枯萎;vt.毁坏, 使麻木【短语精选】：period of perishing cold 极冷的一段时间【真题例句】：Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions. 死亡是正常的;我们从基因上就被设计为就算在理想的环境下也会最终分解和灭亡。
(2003 text 4)7. 3 frustrate [frʌ'streɪt]v. 挫败, 破坏, 击败【词根记忆】：frustr(犯错误)+ ate(动词)→使犯错，使失败→挫败，破坏【短语精选】：be frustrated in 在…方面归于失败;终成画饼【真题例句】：Physicians -- frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient -- too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified. 医生们因自己对治愈疾病无能为力和害怕病人失去希望而倍感挫败，于是总是给予病人过度的治疗，这种过度治疗超出了科学合理的范围。
(2003 text 4)8. 8 aggressive [əˈgresɪv ]adj. 侵犯的, 侵略的; 有进取精神的; 好斗的, 挑衅的; 有干劲的【词根记忆】：ag(加强)+ gress(行走)+ ive(形容词)→强制地走→侵略，挑衅【短语精选】：dogs trained to be aggressive 训练成攻击型的狗【经典例句】：Aggressive nations threaten world peace. 侵略成性的国家威胁世界和平.9. 1 unsustainableadj. 无法支撑的; 无法维持的【词根记忆】：un(否定)+sustain(维持)+ able(可…的)→不可维持的【短语精选】：sustainable development 可持续发展【真题例句】：Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable. 人人都明白这个潮流难以维系。
(2003 text 4)10. 3 reverse [ri'vә:s]n.相反, 背面, 反面, 倒退;adj.相反的, 倒转的, 颠倒的;vt.颠倒, 倒转【词根记忆】：re(向后)+verse(转移;改变;转向)→向后转→逆转【短语精选】：reverse an order 颠倒次序【真题例句】：Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it. 但是没人想去逆转它。
(2003 text 4)11. 1 infirm [in'fә:m]adj.弱的, 不坚固的, 柔弱的【词根记忆】：in(否定)+ firm(坚固的)→不坚固的→柔弱的【短语精选】：infirm of purpose目的不明确【经典例句】：Old age and infirmity had begun to catch up with him. 他开始显出年老体衰的样子了.12. 2 finite ['fainait]adj.有限的, [数]有穷的, 限定的【词根记忆】：fin(结束)+ite(形容词)→有结束的→有限的，限定的【短语精选】：Finite value 有限数值【真题例句】：Some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical care that sustains life beyond a certain age -- say 83 or so. 一些学者得出这样的结论，政府的资源有限，所以应该直接不再为超过一定年龄限制(比如83岁等)的人支付维持生命的医疗费用。
(2003 text 4)13. 2 governor ['gʌvәnә]n.统治者, 管理者, 地方长官, 主管人员【词根记忆】：govern(管理，统治)+ or(人或物)→管理者，统治者→州长【短语精选】：an electric governor电气节速器【真题例句】：Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infirm “have a duty to die and get out of the way,”so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential. 据称，科洛里拉州前州长曾这样说，年老者和体弱者“有去死的义务，应该让开道”，好让年轻的，健康的人能实现他们的潜能。
(2003 text 4)14. 9 routine [ru:'ti:n]n.例行公事, 常规, 日常事务, 程序【词根记忆】：rout(常走的道路)+ ine(形容词)→常规，日常事务【短语精选】：go through a dance routine 做一套舞蹈动作【真题例句】：Energetic people now routinely work through their 60s and beyond, and remain dazzlingly productive. 现在，精力充沛的人完全可以在60多岁，甚至是70岁进行日常工作，并且还保持着令人炫目的生产力。
(2003 text 4)15. 1 surgeon ['sɜrdʒən]n. 外科医生【短语精选】：heart surgeon 心脏外科医师【真题例句】：Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O’Connor is in her 70s, and former surgeon general C. Everett Koop chairs an Internet start-up in his 80s. 最高法院的法官Sandra Day O’Connor已经70多岁了，前外科主任医师C. Everett Koop80多岁时主管一家新兴的网络公司。
(2003 text 4)16. 3 proof [pru:f]n.证据, 试验, 考验;adj.不能透入的, 证明用的, 防...的, 有耐力的;vt.校对, 使不被穿透【词根记忆】：proo(=prob检查;考试)+ f(名词)→检查，测试→经得起检验的→不能透入的, 证明用的, 防...的, 有耐力的【短语精选】：written proof 书面证明【真题例句】：These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems that come naturally with age. 预防措施是起作用的，我们也可以对付那些岁年龄增长而来的健康问题，这些领导人就是活生生的证明。