一般现在时和现在进行时的区别一、概念不同:一般现在时表示主语经常性和习惯性的动作或存在的状态,也表示说话者的能力及自然现象。
而现在进行时表示说话时(瞬间)正在进行的动作,也表示目前或现阶段一直进行的动作。
如:She often does her homework in the evening. 她经常在晚上做作业。
She is doing her homework now. 现在她正在做作业。
二、在构成方式上的不同:一般现在时中谓语动词的构成有以下三种情况:①be动词的一般现在时形式:am,is,are.②动词have的一般现在时形式:have,has.③其他行为动词的一般现在时形式有动词原形或第三人称单数形式。
而现在进行时中谓语动词的构成是:am/is/are+动词的-ing形式(现在分词)。
三、时间状语不同:一般现在时的时间状语主要有:always,usually,often,sometimes,never,every day,on Sundays,in the morning/afternoon/evening等;现在进行时的时间状语主要有:now,these days,this week,at the moment等,有时句首有“Look!”、“Listen!”或“It’s+时刻”等词、句存在。
如:We play football in the afternoon.我们在下午踢足球。
(一般现在时)My mother is reading a newspaper now. 我妈妈正在看报纸。
(现在进行时)四、感情色彩不同:一般现在时往往不带任何感情色彩,语气比较肯定。
现在进行时常带有一定的感情色彩,并多与always,often等副词连用。
如:Mr. Li works hard in the factory. 李先生在工厂工作努力。
(说明事实,语气比较肯定)Mr. Li is always working hard in the factory.李先生在工厂工作一直很努力。
(表示赞扬)五、用语范围不同:某种表示情感、意识(如want,like,know等);表示“有”的have等动词,一般不用于现在进行时,但可用于一般现在时。
如:我现在就想回家。
误:I am wanting to go home now.正:I want to go home now.他有一台电脑。
误:He is having a computer.正:He has a computer.六、时间范围不同:这两种时态所表示的时间范围都可能有“过去——现在——将来”的意味,但相对而言,一般现在时持续的时间较长,甚至无限。
而现在进行时持续的时间较短,可能片刻完成。
如:She comes from Shanghai. 她是上海人。
She is coming from Shanghai.她正从(或即将从)上海来。
1.一般现在时一般现在时的形式是以动词的原形表示的,当主语为第三人称单数时,做谓语的动词原形后要加上词尾-s or –es, 其构成方式列表如下:情况构成例词一般情况词尾加-s Reads, writes以ch,sh,s,x,o结尾的词词尾加-es Teaches,washes,guesses, fixes, goes以辅音字母+Y 结尾的词变Y为I,再加-es Tries, carries但是,动词to be 和to have 的一般现在时的形式特殊如下:一般动词的词形变化To be 的词形变化To have 的词形变化I know it I am a student I have a pen.You know it. You are a student You have a penHe (she) knows it. He (she) is a student. He (she)has a pen. We (you,they) know it. We (you,they) are students. We (you,they) have pens.一般现在时1. 表示一直发生的事情,经常发生的动作:Nurses look after patients in hospitals.Excuse me, do you speak English?I get up at 8 o’clock every morning.It often rains in summer in Beijing.2. 表示客观事实或者真理:Birds fly.The earth goes around the sun.3. 谈论时间表、旅程表等,如:What time does the film begin?The football match starts at 8 o’clock.Tomorrow is Thursday.4. 谈论籍贯、国籍等,如:Where do you come from?I come from China. 你是哪国人?我是中国人。
Where do you come from?I come from Guangzhou. 你是哪里人?我是广州人。
5. 询问或者引用书籍、通知或新近接到的信笺内容,如:What does that notice say?What does Ann say in her letter?She says she’s coming to Beijing next week.Shakespears says, “Neither a borrower or a lender be.”莎士比亚说:“既不要向人借钱,也不要借钱给别人。
”现在进行时现在进行时是由助动词to be 的现在时+ 现在分词构成:肯定式否定式疑问式I am working.You are working.He (she) is working.We (you,they) are working. I am not working.You are not working.He (she) is not working.We (you,they) are not working. Am I working?Are you working?Is he (she) working?Are we (you,they) working?现在分词的构成,是在动词原形上加—ing, 但是应该注意:情况变化例词动词以单个 e 结尾去掉e, 加ing Love _lovingArgue _ arguing动词以—ee结尾直接加ing Agree_ agreeingSee _ seeing 动词为单音节:以单一元音字母+ 单一辅音字母结尾辅音字母双写,再加ing Hit _ hittingRun _runningStop _stopping动词为双音节或者多音节:最后一个音节为重读音节,以单一元音字母+ 单一辅音字母结尾辅音字母双写,再加ing Be’gin be’ginningAd’mit ad’mitting以y 结尾的动词直接加ing Carry carryingEnjoy enjoying现在进行时的功用1)表示说话时正在发生或者进行的动作Please don’t make so much noise,I’m studying.Let’s get out. It isn’t raining any more.2) 表示在现在相对较长一段时间内正在进行的动作,但是说话一刻不一定在做的动作Have you heard about Tom? He is building his own house. David is teaching English and learning Chinese in Beijing.这些动作,在说话时并不一定在发生或进行,而是在包括说话的一刹那在内的一段时间内发生、进行的。
3)表示最近的确定的安排Ann is coming tomorrow.Oh, is she? What time is she arriving?At 10:15.Are you meeting her at the station?I can’t. I’m working tomorrow morning.以上句子也可以用be going to (do) 的形式来表示。
但是谈论已确定的安排时候,用现在进行时态显得更加自然,除非受到动词的功能的限制。
在此,切不可用will, 如:Alex is getting married next month. 不能用will get married.4) 和always 连用表示某种情绪,可能是厌烦也可能是赞扬,如:Tom is always going away for weekends.My husband is always doing homework.有些动词是表示一种状态而不是动作,一般不用于进行时。
例如,我们一般不说I am knowing, 而说I know. 常见的这类动词有:want like hate know see hear believe understand seemthink(相信) suppose remember need love realize mean forget prefer have (拥有)belongTo understand is to accept. 理解就是接受Do you like Beijing?Do you see the rainbow?I remember him very well.I think I understand what he wants.一般现在时和现在进行时的比较一般现在时表示的是一般、重复的动作或者事情现在进行时表示说话时或说话前后正在发生的动作或事情,如:Tom plays tennis every Sunday.Where’s Tom? -------He is playing tennis.What do you do? 你是干什么工作的?What are you doing here? 你在这里干什么?一般现在时是表示经久的情况,而现在进行时表示的是暂时的,如:My parents live in Shanghai. They have been there for 50 years.She’s living with some friends until she can find an apartment.1.一般现在时一般现在时的形式是以动词的原形表示的,当主语为第三人称单数时,做谓语的动词原形后要加上词尾-s or –es, 其构成方式列表如下:情况构成例词一般情况词尾加-s Reads, writes以ch,sh,s,x,o结尾的词词尾加-es Teaches,washes,guesses, fixes, goes以辅音字母+Y 结尾的词变Y为I,再加-es Tries, carries但是,动词to be 和to have 的一般现在时的形式特殊如下:一般动词的词形变化To be 的词形变化To have 的词形变化I know it I am a student I have a pen.You know it. You are a student You have a penHe (she) knows it. He (she) is a student. He (she)has a pen. We (you,they) know it. We (you,they) are students. We (you,they) have pens.一般现在时的功用1. 表示一直发生的事情,经常发生的动作:Nurses look after patients in hospitals.Excuse me, do you speak English?I get up at 8 o’clock every morning.It often rains in summer in Beijing.2. 表示客观事实或者真理:Birds fly.The earth goes around the sun.3. 谈论时间表、旅程表等,如:What time does the film begin?The football match starts at 8 o’clock. Tomorrow is Thursday.4. 谈论籍贯、国籍等,如:Where do you come from?I come from China. 你是哪国人?我是中国人。