④= if 如果
Turn off the switch ___ something goes wrong.
2 whenever = each/ every time + 从句“每当… 的时候”
每当有困难时，他都来求助于我 Whenever he is in trouble, he turns to me for help
4). By the time + 从句 ②he is 14, he will have built…
到14岁的时候，莫扎特已经谱写多首乐曲了。
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Translate：
1. I was deeply impressed by him the first time I met him.
2. 我最后一次见到那些孩子们时，他们正在河边
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3 as ①一边… 一边；②随着
他边走边回头看 随着冬天的到来， 天变得越来越冷了 As time goes on, man becomes wiser. As a boy, he showed his musical talent.
4 while ①在…的时候，趁着
Strike while the iron is hot. 趁着年轻，多学点知识
3. 玩耍。
The last time I saw the children, they were playing
by the river.
4. 3. Last time I was in Paris, he often came to see me.
5. 4. 下次你去上海时，带我一起去。
Take me next time you go to Shanghai.
While I accept that he is not excellent, I really like the person. ④只要=as /so long as
There will be class struggle while classes exist. ____________(只要我在这儿），I won’t let anyone harm you.
fighters put it out.
④不知不觉 before I realize/ know it
Time is up before we know it.
不知不觉地圣诞节就要到了
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不知不觉地我们得向农民们说再见了
6 till/ ①用于肯定句 “一直到…”
②否定句中 “ 直到…才”
English
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7 since
①自从=ever since 现在完成时
自从1987年我一直在这儿工作 延续动词：动作结束 ② It is / has been … since … 瞬时动词：动作开始
他说自从他离开家乡已经有6年了 He said it was six years since he had left his hometown. 1）It is years since I enjoyed myself.
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5. I’ll lend you my car any time you need it. 6. Every time I went to see him, he was drinking wine. 7. He greeted with “Hello!” each time he saw me. 8. She listened carefully all the time I spoke. 9. By the time he was fourteen, Einstein had taught
状语从句
时间，地点，原因，条件，让步，目的，结果，方 式，比较九种状语从句 一、时间状语从句 引导词有 when, whenever, as, while, after, before, until/till, since, once, as soon as
1 when ①在… 的时候
② 这时 be doing…when be about to do …when had just done…when
2）-- It is five years since I lived in Shanghai .
-- Where do you live？
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8. 1). The first / second / next / last time + 从句 2). Each / every / any time +从句 3). All the time / the whole time + 从句 ①he was 14, he had built
W_h__il_e you are in the post office, buy some
stamps for me.
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②对比转折 / but / however
③虽然，尽管=though/although
While I admit his good points, I can see his shortcomings.
③既然，在…的情况下 Why do you want to find 精a品nother job when you ha1ve
such a good one
It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could walk there in five minutes How can you hope for mercy when you show none？
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5 before ①在.. 以前I’ll do it before I forget.
②没来得及
He rushed out before I could stop him.
③ 过了/要过… 才
It will be/ won’t be / was … before…
要过一年我们才能见面
_________________(大火持续了3个小时) the fire
我一直等到他回来
直到现在，我才认识到英语的重要性
I didn’t realize the importance of English until now. It was not until now that I realized the importance of
English.
Not until now have I realized the importance of