Ⅱ.1)a man who became constantly preoccupied by the moral weaknesses of mankind2)Mark T wain first observed and absorbed the new American experience, and then introduce it to the world in his books or lectures.3)In his new profession he could meet people of all kinds.4)With no money and a frashated feeling, he accepted a job as reporter with T erritorial Enterprise in Virginia City, ...5)Mark T wain began working hard to became well known locally as a newspaper reporter and humorist.6)and when California makes a plan for a new surprise, the solemn people in other states of the U.S. smile as usual, making a comment "that's typical of California"7)The man who had made the world laugh was himself consumed by bitterness.VI.river pilot, valley of the Mississippi River, main artery of transportation, keelboat, flatboat, large raft, downstream, steamboat, steamboat deck, stream.Ⅶ.1)tramp printer 2)river pilot 3)pen name 4)steamboat days 5)Mississippi River 6)delta country 7)cub pilot 8) pilothouse talk 9)medicine shows lO)waterside slums ll)steamboat decks 12)steamboat trade 13)river country 14)gold and silver fever 15)Virginia city 16)newspaper reporter 17) city government 18) Sacramento Valley 19) rough-country settlers 20) mining-camp meals 21) Calaveras County 22) pleasure cruise 23) United States citizens 24)California newspaper 25)art treasures 26) book version 27)boyhood adventures 28)stage play 29) town drunkard 30)raft flight 31)steamboat explosion32)heart attackⅧ．1)romantic意为“浪漫的”；sentimental意为“伤感的”或“易感伤的”；humorous意为“幽默的”或“风趣的”；witty意为“机智的”或“聪颖的”。

2)cynic意为“愤世嫉俗者”；critic意为“批评家”或“评论家”。

3)lumber指已加工成条、块、板等的木料；timber往往指未经加工的木头。

在美语里，timber指适用于建房造船等的木头，无论是加过工的还是未加过工的树都包括在内；而在英国英语里，这两个词意思相同。

4)proclaim指正式宣布或宣称；claim表示对一项权利的要求和维护。

5)demand本为经济术语，与supply相对，即常说的“供需”；need为通用词，意为“需要”。

halt比stop更具体，暗指短暂的停止。

6)mistreatment指错误地对待；ill-treatment指虐待。

7)consequence常指不良后果或结果；result为常用词。

8)dreary指使人情绪低落，精神萎糜不振；tedious指单调，持续时间长，从而使人厌倦。

9)a pleasure cruise指旅游者乘船观光游览，不一定船上的人都玩得高兴；a pleasant cruise指乘船玩得很高兴，不一定是旅游。

10)correspondent指某报纸杂志电台等驻外地甚至外国的记者(reporter)。

注意，correspond本指通信联系。

11)robust指身强体壮、精力充沛的；healthy仅指健康无病。

12)desperation指因失望(despair)而表现出气急败坏的状态。

Ⅸ．1)father：author，creator cruise through eternal boyhood：journey through lasting boyhood endless summer of freedom and adventure：long summer full of free and adventurous activities2)artery：main route or channel3)cast of characters：people of various sorts cosmos：a placewhere one can find all sorts of characters4)current: stream (here not a good choice for the verb team)5)succumbed to the epidemic of gold and silver fever: gave way to (yielded to, submitted to) the gold and silver rush prevailing in that area6)flirted with the colossal wealth "" and was rebuffed: did not try hard or persistently enough to get the colossal wealth "" failed7)digging his way to regional fame: working hard to gain regional fame8)honed: sharpened (It is not suitable to say "to sharpen one's muscles". )X.1)antithesis 2)euphemism 3)metonymy 4)alliteration 5)alliteration 6)personification 7)euphemism 8)antithesisXI.1)The article does not touch the heart of the subject under discussion.2)The newly completed railway is the main artery for traffic in the southwest of that country.3)That problem produced two different currents of opinion among the Congressmen.4)The overcrowded slum areas were a hotbed of diseases and vices.5)T wain's source of inspiration never dried up.6)Living in the enemy camp honed his wits.Ⅻ.1)eternal boyhood2)endless summer3)a cosmos4)a memory that seemed phonographic5)the epidemic of gold and silver fever6)a milestone in a country's development7)America laughed with him.8)… almost as sure to be studied in American schools today as is the Declaration of Independence.9)… a moving panorama for exploration of American society10)T wain found the ultimate expression of escape from…ll)Personal tragedy haunted his entire life ...12)Bitterness fed on the man who had made the world laugh.XIII.l)completely, entirely2)bankrupt, penniless3)organizing4)developing, carrying them out at high speed5)as its characteristic is6)wagered $ 50 with a stranger7)exposed the falsehood of8)cast awayXIV.1)He was obssessed with fear of poverty.2)Dongting Lake teems with fish and shrimps.3)T om was every bit as intelligent as the top boy in his class.4)He is an acquaintance of mine, but not a friend.5)Under pressure, he had no other choice but quit office.6)In the end he succumbed to her persuasion and decided to change his original plan.7)Many children succumbed to small pox then.8)Much to his horror, he found the cabin flooded.9)The kids did extremely well in their exam, to the great satisfaction of both parents and teachers.10)That's Peter all over.11)Not until midnight did the surgeon finish the operation.12)The history course has acquainted me with ancient civilizations.13)The old writer shaped the folktale into a film scenario.14)The dauntless revolutionary spirit of the Chinese people finds full expression in the new play.。