英语作文写作及翻译老师笔记（四六级考试）1.今天，大多数学生都知道我们的星球面临环境挑战。
年轻人懂得削减能源消耗以及减少浪费是遏制气候变化、防止能源短缺的必要措施。
Most students today are aware of the environmental challenges facing our planet. Young people understand that cutting down on energy use（1.削减能源消耗）and decreasing waste are necessary steps towards curbing climate change（2.遏制气候变化）and preventing energy shortages（防止能源短缺）.1- cut down on energy usecut down on意为减少使用，后面还可以跟intake、smoking、waste等。
词典释义：cut down1.PHRASAL VERB 短语动词削减;减少使用If you cut downon something or cut down something, you use or do less of it.【语法信息】：V P on n【语法信息】：V P n (not pron)【语法信息】：V P【语法信息】：Also V n P•He cut down on coffee and cigarettes, and ate a balanced diet...他喝咖啡和吸烟都比以前少了，饮食也均衡了。
•Car owners were asked to cut down travel...要求车主们减少驾车出行的次数。
•If you spend more than your income, can you try to cut down? 如果你入不敷出，可以试着减少开支吗？外刊例句：Ehsan Toreini, a security expert at the University of Newcastle, and hiscolleagues, describe a way to turn that randomness intoa “fingerprint”that is unique to any given sheet of paper. (In security jargon a fingerprint is any unique, identifying pattern, not just one from a finger). That could, they hope, help to cut down on fraud.（）艾萨·托雷尼是纽卡斯尔大学的安全学专家，他与同事描述了一种使每张纸具有的独特“指纹”具有随机性的方法（这里的“指纹”在安全学内是指独特的认真模式，而非手指纹）。
他们希望这样能减少诈骗发生。
替换表达：reduce / decrease2- curb climate change词典释义：curbUK[kɜ:b] US[kɝ:b] verb transitive■to control or limit something that is not wanted 控制；限制，约束；抑制•The Government should act to curb tax evasion.政府应该采取行动抑制逃税。
curb●●○○○1.VERB 动词控制;抑制;限定;约束If you curb something, you control it and keep it within limits.【语法信息】：V n【语法信息】：be V-ed【搭配模式】：oft N on n•...advertisements aimed at curb ing the spread of Aids...旨在控制艾滋病传播的广告•Inflation needs to be curb ed in Russia.俄罗斯需要抑制通货膨胀。
Curb is also a noun.•He called for much stricter curb s on immigration.他呼吁对移民采取更严格的限制措施。
外刊例句：Tillerson has claimed to support a revenue-neutral carbon tax –abipartisan solution that in addition to helping curb climate change andits damages, would have a modestly beneficial direct impact on theeconomy. （）蒂勒森宣布支持该局部炭排放税——这项两党达成共识的解决方案，不仅能有助于抑制气候变化及其破坏，还能给经济带来一定好处。
替换表达：prevent / reduce climate change学生错误表达：（1）Suppress climate change点评：suppress可以表示“抑制（生长、发展、起作用等）”，例如：The virus suppresses the body's immune system.这种病毒抑制身体的免疫系统。
但不可以用suppress来修饰climate change，这里可以改为常见说法curb climate change（2）Restrain climate change点评：restrain一般指“抑制，控制（增长太多的东西）”，例如restrain spending/inflation/corruption，不能用restrain修饰climate change3- prevent energy shortages词典释义：prevent[prɪ'vent] verb transitive■to stop something from happening or someone fromdoing something 阻止，妨碍；预防•Label your suitcases to prevent confusion.在你的手提箱上贴上标签以防搞混。
•[+ -ing verb] His disability prevents him (from) driving.他有残疾，不能开车。
shortageUK['ʃɔ:.tɪdʒ] US['ʃɔ:r.tˌɪdʒ] noun countable■when there is not enough of something 缺乏，缺少•There's a shortage of food and shelter in the refugee camps.难民营里缺少足够的食物和住处。
•The long hot summer has led to serious water shortages.这个夏天漫长而炎热，导致严重缺水。
例句：The new body would oversee large energy consumers limiting their consumption and would order power stations to increase their output to try to prevent energy shortages.（）该新组织将监控大型能源消耗者的能源消耗限制，命令发电站加大产出，以避免能源短缺。
替换表达：alleviate/ease/tackle energy shortagesQ：Most students today are aware of the environmental challenges facing our planet.如果过直译就是：环境问题面对我们的星球，但是实际上词典里面face后面都是接问题：the problems faced byone-parent families 单亲家庭面对的问题The company is facing afinancial crisis. 公司正面临财政危机。
She's faced with adifficult decision. 她眼前有一项难作的决定。
It's not always easy to face the truth. 承认事实并不总是一件容易的。
②sth face someone 和someone face sth 都是正确的？这两种用法是不是没有区别？A：something faces someone / someone faces something 这两种用法都正确，而且没有区别。
在麦克米伦词典中我们可以找到这样的例句：(1)How to combine a career and children is adilemma facing many women.(2)Many of the shipyard workers face losing their jobs.Q：请教老师：“Young people knowing to cut energy consumption and to reduce waste is necessary to curb climate change and prevent energy shortages.”这句话是否存在语法错误？是否表达了原文的意思。
A：这句话有问题，因为句子主干变成了：Young people is necessary to curb climate change…可以改为：Young people know that cutting energy consumption and reducing waste are necessary to curb climate change and prevent energy shortages.建议重新复习下语法书中关于句法的知识，避免写句子的时候出现句法错误。
2.高浪费会导致能源损耗以及环境恶化。
我们要尽我们的职责来应对地球面临的环境挑战。
High waste levels（1.高浪费）contribute to energy depletion（2.能源损耗）and environmental degradation（3.环境恶化）. We should do our part（4.尽我们的职责）to respond to the environmental challenges facing our planet.1- high waste levels词典释义：lev·el/ ˈlɛvl ;ˈlevəl /noun C1. AMOUNT 数量, the amount or degree of something, compared to another amount or degree数量; 水平，水准，程度:[+ of ]•Increased supplies are needed to meet the level of demand.要增加供应以满足需求量。