Unit 3Section One Tactics for ListeningPart 1 PhoneticsStress, Intonation and AccentScriptListen to some short conversations and circle the prominent word or words in the sentence.1. A: Do you want some grapes?B: No, thanks, I don’t like them.2. A: What do you think of Scotland?B: I’ve never been there.3. A: My son’s called David.B: How old is he?4. A: Can I book a table for tonight, please?B: Certainly. How many is it for?A: There’ll be three of them.5. A: Can you get some cornflakes?B: Do you want a large or small packet?A: A small one.Key1. A: a. want b. grapesB: a. like b. them2. A: a. think b. ScotlandB: a. been b. there3. A: a. called b. DavidB: a. old b. he4. A: a. book b. tonightB: a. certainly b. manyA: a. three b. them5. A: a. get b. cornflakesB: a. large or small b. packetA: a. small b. onePart 2 Listening and Note-TakingA TerritoryScriptA. Listen to some sentences and fill in the blanks with the missing words.1. When we talk about a territory, we mean a defended space.2. These signals are important, because they warn the visitor that he is entering a foreigncountry.3. People behave differently when they’re in someone else’s house.4. In public places, people automatically mark out an area of personal space.5. It won’t be next to him or at the other end of the room, but halfway between.B. Listen to a talk about territory. Take notes and complete the following outline.When we talk about a territory, we mean a defended space. Animals have their territories, which they mark out with their personal scent. The scent is their territorial signal. Human beings have other territorial signals. There are three kinds of human territory, marked by different territorial signals.First, there are the Tribal Territories, which in modern terms are known as countries.Countries have a number of territorial signals. The borders are often guarded by soldiers and they usually have customs barriers, flags, and signs. Other signals of the tribal territory are uniforms and national anthems. These signals are important, because they warn the visitor that he is entering a foreign country and, while he is there, he must behave like a visitor.Second, there is the Family Territory, at the center of which is the bedroom. This is usually as far away as possible from the front door. Between the bedroom and the front door are the spaces where visitors are allowed to enter. People behave differently when they’re in someone else’s house. As soon as they come up the driveway or walk through the front door — the first signals of family territory —they are in an area which does not belong to them.They do not feel at home, because it is full of other people’s belongings — from the flowers in the garden to the chairs, tables, carpets, ornaments, and other things in the house. In the same way, when a family goes to the beach or to the park for a picnic, they mark out a small territory with towels, baskets, and other belongings; other families respect this, and try not to sit down right beside them.Finally, there is the Personal Territory. In public places, people automatically mark out an area of personal space. If a man enters a waiting room and sits at one end of a row of chairs, it is possible to predict where the next man will sit. It won’t be next to him or at the other end of the room, but halfway between. In a crowded space like a train, we can’t have much personal territory, so we stand looking straight in front of us with blank faces. We don’t look at or talk to anyone around us.KeyA. 1. When we talk about a territory, we mean a defended space.2. These signals are important, because they warn the visitor that he is entering aforeign country.3. People behave differently when they’re in someone else’s house.4. In public places, people automatically mark out an area of personal space.5. It won’t be next to him or at the other end of the room, but halfway between.B. A TerritoryI. Territory, a defended spaceA. Territory is marked by territorial signals.a. Animals mark out their territories with their personal scent, their territorialsignals.b. Human beings have three kinds of human territory, marked by differentterritorial signals.II. Three kinds of human territoryA. Tribal Territories or countriesa. Countries have a number of territorial signals.1. The borders, guarded by soldiers, with customs barriers, flags, and signs2. Uniforms and national anthemsB. Family Territorya. Family Territory signals1. The front door2. The drivewayb. When a family goes to the beach or to the park for a picnic, they mark out asmall territory with towels, baskets, and other belongings.C. Personal Territorya. In public places, people automatically mark out an area of personal space.b. In a crowded space, we stand looking straight in front of us with blank faces. Section Two Listening ComprehensionPart 1 Sentence IdentificationScriptIdentify each sentence as simple (S), compound (CP), complex (CPL) or compound-complex (C-C). You will hear each sentence twice. Write the corresponding letter(s) in the space provided.1. Surely you remember the last movie we saw together.2. A perfectionist about everything, his aunt Beatrice had made him painfully aware ofhis shortcomings.3. She felt a momentary glimmer of satisfaction, but this soon faded to a feeling ofshame when she saw the hurt look on Alec’s face.4. There will still be difficulties, but they can be overcome.5. Planting annuals gives a good temporary show, but it is also no way to construct apermanent garden.Key1. CPL2. S3. C-C4. CP5. CPPart 2 DialoguesDialogue 1 Credit CardScriptListen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to each of the questions you will hear.A: I, recently touring around America, found there was a chap I was with ... He ... we were booked in by an American organization into a hotel, paid for by them,but theywould not let him go through the lobby to his room unless they had a credit cardnumber to prove that he was a human being that was trustworthy. (Right, right.) Inother words we’ve got to the stage now with credit cards,however friendly youlook, however wealthy you look, or however nice you look ... (That’s right, itdoesn’t matter, they just want to see that number.) Excus e me,where is your creditcard?B: Because you know you can’t rent a major automobile in the States, you know, you can’t rent without, without using a credit card, you can’t, you know like you weresaying, go into a hotel?A: I think that what’s underne ath that is the socie ty in which you’re only good if you have numbers attached to you, (Mm.) that are computerised, (Yeah.) and can traceyou, and everybody’s insured against everybody else (Yeah.) and …that side ofcredit I find rather upsetting.B: It’s kind of ugly, isn’t it?A: Like a lot of people, it’s a great facility, if you’re disciplined with it.Questions:1. Why was one man stopped at the lobby of the hotel by the hotel staff?2. Why is having a credit card so important?3. In what way does one speaker consider a credit card upsetting?B. Listen to an extract from the dialogue and complete the following sentences withthe missing words.A: I think that what’s underneath that is the society in which you’re only good if you have numbers attached to you, (Mm.) that are computerised, (Yeah.) and can traceyou, and everybody’s insured against everybody else (Yeah.) and …that side ofcredit I find rather upsetting.B: It’s kind of ugly, isn’t it?A: Like a lot of people, it’s a great facility, if you’re disciplined with it.KeyA. 1. D 2. D 3. CB. A: I think that what’s underneath that is the society in which you’re only good if youhave numbers attached to you, (Mm.) that are computerised, (Yeah.) and can traceyou, and e verybody’s insured against everybody else(Yeah.) and … that side ofcredit I find rather upsetting.B: It’s kind of ugly, isn’t it?A: Like a lot of people, it’s a great facility, if you’re disciplined with it.Dialogue 2 Card InsurancesScriptListen to the dialogue and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).A: I’ll tell you about one awful experience that h appened to me, erm, I took out, erm … one of these card insurances that cover a ll your cards (Mm.) should yourcards be stolen and I had my handbag snatched* in a store and immediately got thestore security, who were very quick, got me into their office and we phoned all ofthe credit cards that I had on me, within ten minutes.B: Which is what they tell you to do?A: Yeah. When, I suppose by the time we’d got to all of them it w as about half an hour after the bag had been snatched. Got up to the top floor of the office, started ringinground, and the whole thing was done within half an hour. Erm, when the bag wassnatched it went through apparently a chain of people, out of the store, and it wenttwo miles away and they managed to ... three different people had spent over￡2,000 on four of my cards …B: But you’re only liable* for the first 50.A: I wasn’t liable for any of it. Because thank goodness I had this insurance.B: None of it. Yeah.A: But...B: Touch wood* quick. That was …A: ... They’d spent it within twe nty minutes of stealing.B: That’s incredible, isn’t it?A: And the thing that absolutely horrified me was I was close to limits on two of the cards, the ones that I do clear every month. (Mm — mm.) I was close to the limitI’m allowed on those, and they, both of those cards they went into banks, said theywere me, and got (No!) well over what the top limit would have been.B: Really! Well it just goes to show, you could walk into a bank and get more than you could possibly ever pay off*!A: I couldn’t probably, because I go in, and they say, “No, you’ve spent it all already!”B: Right, right.Key1. One insurance covers the loss of one particular credit card.2. The woman lost her credit cards because she left her handbag in a store.3. She telephoned all the credit card companies about the stolen cards within tenminutes.4. A chain of people were involved in the robbery.5. Usually there is a 50-pound-limit of overdraft on each card.6. The speaker usually clears some cards every month.7. The thief spent more than what the speaker had in her cards.8. If the police cannot find the thieves, the speaker will probably have to pay off. Part 3 PassageCredit CardsScriptB. Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to each of the questions you willhear.The system of bank credit cards operates in much the same way as a store credit account except that the holder is not restricted to making purchases in one place.Cards can be presented at any place where the bank card sign is displayed, and that could be at a shop, a service station, a hotel, a restaurant or in fact at all kinds of businesses.The sales assistant imprints the card details onto a sales voucher* which the customer signs, and the card is then returned to the customer. Each month the bank sends the holder a credit card statement setting out where purchases were made and totalling what is owing. A payment has to be made within 25 days of the date of the statement, but not necessarily the full amount. If the customer pays in full within this time the use of the card does not cost anything. But if he decides to pay only the minimum repayment shown on the statement —£5 or 5% of the outstanding* balance*, whichever is the greater — he automatically chooses to use th e system’s extended repayment facility. The re maining balance is then carried forward and attracts interest at the rate of 2.25% per month.Bank credit cards are more versatile than store credit accounts in that they also enable people to obtain cash. Any bank displaying the bank card sign will arrange a cash advance* for a card holder, whether or not he is one of their own customers. For money drawn in this way the bank makes a charge at the rate of 2.25% a month, calculated daily from the day the advance is obtained. Details of cash advances appear on the monthly bank card statement.The bank credit card system operates entirely separately from cheque accounts, but nevertheless it is a customer’s previous relation ship with his bank that is used as a guide to the amount of credit he will be extended. When a card is issued, a personal credit limit is imposed indicating the maximum that can be owing at any one time. This is confidential* between customer and bank and does not appear on the card.Questions:1. In what way does a bank credit card differ from a store credit account?2. Where can you use bank credit cards?3. When making payments what should a customer do after the sales assistant imprintsthe card details onto a sales voucher?4. After receiving a credit card statement, within how many days does the holder have topay?5. When is the system’s extended repayment fac ility automatically used by thecustomer?6. What can a bank credit card holder get at any bank displaying the bank card sign?7. How much does the bank charge for the advance?8. What will decide the extension of a customer’s amount of credit?C. Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.KeyA. The system of bank credit cards operates in much the same way as a store credit accountexcept that the holder is not restricted to making purchases in one place. Bank credit cards can be presented at any place where the bank card sign is displayed and in fact at all kinds of businesses. Bank credit cards also enable people to obtain cash.B. 1. A 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. D 6. D 7. B 8. BC. 1. Bank credit cards can be presented at any place where the bank card sign is displayed,e.g. at a shop, a service station, a hotel, a restaurant, etc.2. Each month the bank sends the holder a credit card statement setting out wherepurchases were made and totalling what is owing.3. The customer can pay in full within 25 days of the date of the statement or he can payonly the minimum repayment shown on the statement.4. Because they also enable people to obtain cash.5. When a card is issued, a personal credit limit is imposed indicating the maximum thatcan be owing at any one time.D. 1. Bank credit cards are more versatile than store credit accounts in that they also enablepeople to obtain cash.2. When a card is issued, a personal credit limit is imposed indicating the maximum thatcan be owing at any one time.Part 4 NewsNews item 1 Wealth GapScriptA. Listen to the news item. Fill in the blanks with the number you have heard andanswer the questions. Then give a brief summary about the news item.A report from the nonprofit group Oxfam says the richest one percent of people in theworld will have a majority of the wealth on the planet in 2016. The report was released Monday ahead of the annual World Economic Forum meeting this week in Davos, Switzerland.The global wealth of the richest people on Earth climbed to 48 percent in 2014. That has increased from 44 percent in 2009. It is likely to pass 50 percent in 2016. The report said the80 wealthiest people in the world own $1.9 trillion. That is nearly the same amount shared bythe 3.5 billion people at the bottom half of the world’s income scale.Oxfam is asking governments around the world to deal with a number of issues of inequality. The organization is calling on governments to prevent companies and rich individuals from avoiding taxes. It is asking governments to shift taxes from labor and consumption to wealth and income.One proposal is to invest in free public services such as healthcare and education. The organization also wants governments to introduce minimum wages for workers, equal pay for women, universal* childcare and elderly care services.B. Listen to the news item again and complete the following sentences.KeyA. 1. In 2009, the global wealth of the richest people throughout the world was 44 percentand that climbed to 48 percent in 2014. It may pass 50 percent in 2016.2. 80 wealthiest people in the world own $1.9 trillion which is almost the same amountof the world’s income shared by 3.5 billion people at the bottom.1. Oxfam is asking governments around the world to deal with a number of issues ofinequality. It also is asking governments to shift taxes from labor and consumption towealth and income.2. The organization is calling on governments to prevent companies and rich individualsfrom avoiding taxes.3. It proposes that governments should invest in free public services such as healthcareand education.This news item is about a report showing one percent of people worldwide own most ofthe world’s wealth.B. 1. Oxfam, a non-profit group, released a report before the annual World EconomicForum meeting in Davos, Switzerland.2. According to the report, in 2016, one percent of richest people in the world own amajority of the wealth on Earth.3. Oxfam wants governments to introduce minimum wages for workers, equal pay forwomen, universal childcare and elderly care services.C. 1. The report said the 80 wealthiest people in the world own $1.9 trillion. That is nearlythe same amount shared by the 3.5 billion people at the bottom half of the world’sincome scale.2. The organization is calling on governments to prevent companies and rich individualsfrom avoiding taxes.News item 2 Britain’s Longest Serving RulerScriptA. Listen to the news item and decide whether the following statements are true (T) orfalse (F). Then give a brief summary about the news item.Queen Elizabeth II is set to reach an important milestone* this week —becoming Britain’s longest-ruling head of state.Queen Elizabeth has worked with 12 British prime ministers, from Winston Churchill to David Cameron. At age 89, she continues to travel and attend official events.Elizabeth came to power after the death of her father, King George VI, on February 6, 1952. At the time, she was only 25 years old. She officially became queen in June of 1953.The queen is part of the last generation of Britai n’s royal family to be educated at home.The Associated Press reports that she is the first British ruler to have sent an email (1976) or use Twitter, the social networking service (2014).British officials say Queen Elizabeth wants the record-setting occasion to be a quiet event and that the day will be “busin ess as u sual”. The Queen is expected to leave her private home at Balmoral, Scotland to open the new Scottish Borders Railway. She will also take a steam train ride on the new railway from Edinburgh with her husband, Prince Philip.B. Listen to the news item again and complete the following sentences.KeyA. 1. Queen Elizabeth came to power after the death of her father, King George V, onFebruary 6, 1952.2. At the age 25, she officially became Queen of the United Kingdom.3. Queen Elizabeth has worked with 12 British prime ministers, from WinstonChurchill to David Cameron.4. She is the first British ruler to have sent an email or use Twitter.5. She is the last generation of Britain’s royal family to be educated at home.6. The Queen expects to open the new Scottish Borders Railway and take a steamtrain ride on the new railway from Edinburgh with her husband, Prince Philip.This news item is about Queen Elizabeth II becoming Britain’s Longest Serving Ruler.B. 1. Queen Elizabeth II reaches an important milestone this week — becoming Britain’slongest-ruling head of state.2. The Queen wants the record-setting occasion to be a quiet event and that the day willbe “business as usual”.C.British officials say Queen Elizabeth wants the record-setting occasion to be a quietevent and that the day will be “business as usual”.Section Three Oral WorkRetellingMother and DaughterScriptListen to a story and then retell it in your own words. You will hear the story only once. You can write down some key words and phrases.Ten year old Anja Lea did not want to wash the dishes. She and her mother were arguing.The mother was threatening her and bribing her. I asked Anja Lea how much she felt understood by her mother about why she did not want to do the washing up. Here is a copy of our dialogue.“Okay, so Mom wants you to do the dishes and y ou don’t want to. Plus Mom said she isn’t going to take you to school until you do them? Is that right so far?”“Yes.”“Okay, so you are probably feeling forced ...?”“Yes.”“And punished ...?”“Yes.”“And threatened ...?”“Yes.”“Okay. And how much do you feel understood by your mom? From 0-10?”“Zero!”I then asked Anja Lea to explain why she didn’t want to do the dishes. The more shetalked and the more I listened, the more she felt understood. Somewhere along the way, she started washing the dishes without any more arguments or protest! In a few minutes I asked her how much she felt understood by me. She said 8. I asked her what else she wanted me to understand. When she told me, I checked again to see how much she felt understood. This time it was a perfect 10 and the dishes were finished too!But that is not the end of this story. When she was in the car on the way to school Anja Lea voluntarily apologized to her mother for giving her such a hard time. The mother apologized in return, they both accepted the other’s apology and then shared a few tears and a loving hug.Section Four Supplementary ExercisesPart 1 PassageYour Legal Rights in the SalesScriptA. Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to each of the questions you willhear.Just who is doing the favour for whom in the sales? Are the shops really giving us shoppers a chance to buy bargains? Or are we just helping them to clear their shelves twice a year to make way for new lines* —buying up* the rubbish they would otherwise throw away?In most sales there is a bit of both. Some bargains are more genuine than others. Some price claims are true, while others are misleading or plain false.If the sale notice says “Coats — reduced from £30 to £10”, it should, by law, be true.The rules are that, unless a shop says otherwise, the coats must have been on sale at the higher price for at least 28 consecutive days in the previous six months. They can, however, get around it by saying “Last week £30. Now £10.”Be a bit suspicious about a ticket which just sa ys “Sale price £5.” It may mean the goods are specially bought in for the sale and does not necessarily indicate any reduction.And there is nothing to prevent the shopkeeper boasting: “Worth £50, only £20” or even “Normally £300, only £150.”Another practice which is frowned upon, though not illegal, is an imprecise offer, like “Up to £10 off latest models.” It give s no clear idea of how much you have to spend or exactly what you have to buy to benefit.If you see a price claim you do not believe or feel to be misleading, you can complain to the local Trading Standards Office — the town hall will put you in touch.If you see a notice saying “No refunds on sales goods,” ignore it, but don’t forget it. It is illegal for shops to say this and you should report it to the Trading Standards Officer. He can order the signs to be removed.Sale or no sale, nothing can remove your right to get your money back if the goods arefaulty. If on the other hand, you just change your mind about something you buy in the sale, the shop does not have to give you anything back.Goods labelled “seconds” have their own pecul iar problems. You cannot expect something described as “seconds” to be perfect in every way, but the shop has no right to sell you anything that is not fit for the purpose for which it was made.A “slightly imperfect” kettle should still boi l water and you can demand your moneyback if it doesn’t. So take your spectacles with you and never be afraid to ask what is substandard about the thing you are about to buy.Questions:1. Who will most sales benefit?2. What is not true about the goods labelled as “Sale price £5”?3. Wh at can a customer know from a sales notice which says “Up to £10 off latestmodels”?4. What is illegal for shops to say?5. When can a customer claim his money back?6. What cannot a customer expect of something described as “seconds”?7. What should a cu stomer ask about a “seconds” he is about to buy?8. What can a customer claim if the goods are faulty?B. Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.KeyA. 1. C 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. D 6. C 7. B 8. DB. 1. In most sales, some bargains are more genuine than others and some price claims aretrue, while others are misleading or plain false.2. Because they want to make way for new lines.3. The shopkeepers’ boasting, like “Worth £50, only £20” or even “Normally £300, only£150;” and an imprecise offer, like “Up to £10 off latest models.”4. The shop has no right to sell you anything that is not fit for the purpose for which itwas made.5. You can’t get a refund when you just change your mind about the things you buy inthe sale.Part 2 VideoSlew of New Products Unveiled at Consumer Electronics ShowScriptWatch the video film and answer the questions.At the International Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas, you can find just about anything.Automobile enthusiasts are in luck this year.Renault revealed an electric race car. Audi unveiled a self-driving A7 — these cars park themselves. Last year, the technology needed for their driver less sedan* took up the entirerear end of the car. This year, the computer fits on a card about the size of an iPad.Induct* showed off its self-piloted shuttle, call ed the Navia. The company’s Max LeFevre says it’s also 100 percent electric.“It’s a shuttle, so it’s for public transport for 8 to 10 passengers. It works with lasers which work kind of like a bat. You know, it sends out beams that bounce off the walls and other things in the environment. In that way the vehicle can create the map of the environment.”Ford made headlines with its solar car —the C-MAX Solar Energi. Solar cells are mounted on the car’s roof, but the trick,says Ford Motor Company’s Dave McCreadie, is the solar canopy*.“It boosts the power of the solar panels by essentially magnifying the sun. So it takes a larger square footprint area of the sun and concentrates down onto the solar panels. The purpose of this is to enable the customer to recharge their vehicle off the grid.”The Ford C-MAX Solar Energi is still just a concept. But if you’re looking for something more tangible*, 3D printers are capable of producing more complex, high-quality designs, and the cost of a 3D printer is falling. Some cost less than $500.But 3D Systems has created something new: 3D-printed food.“Today we’re debuting* two food-safe 3D printers and they’re the first food-safe 3D printers to be offered.”The company’s Liz Von Hasseln says the ChefJet and ChefJetPro use melted sugar to create sweet creations like candy and cake decorations.“So you might say, ‘I want to work on a cak e topper or I want to work on a drink sweetener and the software will start you out wi th an object that’s kind of the appropriate size and shape, and you can add complexity from there.”The sugary 3D printers are expected to cost between $5,000 and $10,000 when they go on sale.Key1. That’s because they have got an electric race car by Renault, a self-driving andself-parking Audi A7, a self-piloted shuttle by Induct and the Ford C-MAX SolarEnergi.2. This year, the computer fits on a card about the size of an iPad.3. It works with lasers and sends out beams that bounce off the walls and other things inthe environment. As the result, the vehicle can create the map of the environment.4. They use melted sugar to create sweet creations like candy and cake decorations.5. They will cost between $5,000 and $10,000.。