定语从句1、功能:=形容词,修饰名词或代词,在句中作定语一:先行词:被定语从句所修饰的词二:关系词:用来连接定语从句,并在从句中代表先行词。
在从句中充当的成分:主语、宾语学会找关系词,看先行词指的是什么-----先行词,看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。
2、一般用法先行词是物:which that先行词是人:who whom that关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。
e.g. The young man ( whom ) you saw was our manager.There is something ( that ) we must keep in mind.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句(逗号隔开非限制)1)限制性定语从句:从句与主句关系密切,去掉从句,主句意义不完整,甚至不合逻辑。
e.g. I was the only person in our office who was invited.(去掉定语从句,意思就不完整)2)非限制性定语从句:从句对先行词关系不密切,去掉定从句,意思仍然完整。
形式上用逗号隔开,不能that用引导。
e.g. Tom’s father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night.that与which的区别1)用that而不用which的情况;②先行词有最高级修饰,有序数词修饰;①先行词为不定代词all, anything, nothing, …③先行词有only, very, any等词修饰;④先行词既有人又有物时。
2)用which而不用that的情况:①引导非限制性定语从句;②指代前面整个主句的意思;③介词+ 关系代词。
3、whose的用法关系代词与其后的名词构成所有格,即“的”时,它既可以修饰指人的先行词,也可以修饰指物的先行词。
e.g. 1. The girl is my daughter. Her work got the first prize.The girl whose work got the first prize is my daughter.4、介宾结构关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语时,介词可以提前,但关系代词只能用which(物)或whom(人)。
e.g. 1. The man is a famous runner. You talked to him just now.The man to whom you talk just now is a famous runner.2. The chair is made of wood. He is sitting on it now.The chair on which he is sitting now is made of wood.3. He is a library assistant. I borrowed some books from him.He is a library assistant from whom I borrowed some books.4. It is a famous school. He graduated from it 3 years ago.It is a famous school from which He graduated 3 years ago.有一些动词短语中的介词是固定搭配,不可以拆开。
(look after take care of look for)e.g. He is the student who the teachers are looking for.The number of the children who she takes care of is 30.5、关系副词:when where why = 介词+which先行词:时间——>when = on which 从句:时间状语地点——>where = in/at which 地点状语原因——>why = for which 原因状语判断把先行词放回从句中(关系词)作什么成分:作状语用when where和why,否则用前面所述。
e.g. 1. I will never forget the day./ I went to university on that day.I will never forget the day when/ on which I went to university.2.This is the house. / He used to live in the house.This is the house where/ in which he used to live.3.I don’t know the reason. / He did it for this reason.why/ for which he did it.I don’t know the reason①一般用法1.Tomis good at maths,so I think he is the student______can help you to work out this problem. A.whom B.who C.which D.whatnot sure whether this is the book________my brother read the year before last.2.I’mA.whose B.as C.what D.which3.This is the factory________we visited the other day.A.where B.in which C.there D./②that/which4.Anything________could be found has been used to repair the damaged bridge.A.which B.that C.what D.how5.The most important thing_______we should pay attention to is the first thing______I have said. A.which;that B.that;which C.which;which D.that;that6.Some great people said it was their primary school teachers and their lessons________theywere fond of________influenced their whole lives.A.which;that B.that;which C.which;which D.that;that7.Carol said the work would be done by October,________personally I doubt very much.A.it B.that C.when D.which8.He told us the stories and the writers ________interested him.A.that B.which C.what D.who9.Those________want to see the film please write down your names here.A.them B.what C.whose D.who③关系副词10.We are living in an age________everything is changing rapidly.A.which B.that C.in that D.when11.May the fourth is the day________we Chinese people will never forget.A.which B.when C.on which D.about which12.There are several research centers in China__a certain disease called Bird Flu is being studied.A.which B.where C.when D.what13. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town________he grew up as a child.A.which B.where C.that D.when14. There are many things in different areas____we can do to reduce the possible dangers of AIDS.A.where B.there C.what D.that15. Do you still remember the day________we first met?A.that B.when C.what D.on that16*. The noise from the karaoke hall is coming to a point________we can’t put up with it . A.that B.where C.when D.why17.The reason________I’m writing to you is to tell you about a party on Saturday.A.because B.why C.how D.which④介宾18. The engineer________my father works is about 60 years old.A.to whom B.on whom C.with which D.with whom19. He is a man of great experience,________ much can be learned.A.who B.that C.from which D.from whom20.The English play________my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success. A.for which B.at which C.in which D.on which⑤whose21. This is the boy without________help I couldn’t have passed that difficult exam.A.who B.whom C.whose D.that22.Look out!Don’t get too close to the house________roof is under repair.A.whose B.which C.of which D.that。