Ⅰ、测量(measurement)物理学physics测量measure(vt.)测量工具measuringtool测量范围measuringrange最小刻度divisionvalue实验experiment实验室laboratory误差error刻度尺meterruler零刻度线zerograduationline 长度length单位unit面积area千米kilometer米meter平方米squaremeter立方米cubicmeter分米decimeter 厘米centimeter 毫米millimeter 微米micron纳米nanometer 时间time小时hour分钟minute秒second毫秒millisecond体积volume升Liter毫升Milliliter天平balance砝码weights游码rider质量mass吨ton千克kilogram克gram毫克milligram停表stopwatch力force牛顿Newton测力计dynamometer弹簧秤springbalanceⅡ、运动（simplemotion）相对运动relativemotion方向direction位置position路程path静止rest参照物reference速度velocity平均速度averagevelocity 直线运动rectilinearmotion 曲线运动curvilinearmotion变速直线运动variablerectilinearmotion匀速直线运动uniformrectilinearmotionⅡ、热（heat）温度temperature温度计thermometer摄氏度degreecentigrade体温计clinicalthermometer分子molecules分子运动molecularmotion物质substance物体object状态state固体solid液体liquid欧阳光明（2021.03.07）气体gas物态变化statetransformation晶体crystal非晶体noncrystal熔化melting凝固solidification熔点meltingpoint凝固点solidifyingpoint 汽化vaporization蒸发evaporation沸腾boiling沸点boilingpoint液化liquefaction升华sublimation凝华condensation扩散diffusion吸引力attractiveforce 排斥力repulsiveforce 冰箱refrigerator热传递heattransfer热传导heatconduction 热对流heatconvection 热辐射heatradiation 吸收absorb(v.)放出release(v.)热量heat比热（容）specificheat（capacity）Ⅳ、光（light）光源lightsource光的直线传播rectilinearpropagationoflight 均匀介质well-distributedmedium光速velocityoflight小孔成像imagebypinghole日食solareclipse月食lunareclipse光的色散dispersionoflight平面镜planemirror光的反射reflectionoflight反射定律reflectionlaw入射光线incidentray反射光线reflectedray法线normal镜面反射mirrorreflection 漫反射diffusereflection 入射角incidentangle反射角reflectionangle海市蜃楼mirage光的折射refractionoflight 折射光线refractedray折射角refractionangle光屏（屏幕）screen照相机camera潜望镜periscope幻灯机slideprojector电影放映机filmprojector 空气air真空vacuum蜡烛candle透镜lens凸透镜convexlens凹透镜concavelens会聚converge(v.)发散diverge(v.)焦距focallength焦点focus实像realimage虚像virtualimage（主）光轴principalopticalaxis 光心opticalcenteroflens放大的amplified缩小的reduced正立的erected倒立的inverted放大镜magnifier玻璃glass水waterⅤ、磁（magnetism）磁体magnet小磁针magneticneedle 磁场magneticfield天然磁体naturalmagnet 磁极magneticpole地磁场geomagneticfield人造磁体man-mademagnet南极northpole北极Southpole电流的磁场magneticfieldofelectriccurrent 条形磁铁barmagnet磁感线magneticinductionline蹄形磁铁horseshoemagnet磁化magnetization电磁铁electromagnetⅥ、声音（sound）振动vibrate声波waveofsound振幅amplitude介质medium音调pitch噪音noise传播travel响度loudness乐音voice声速velocityofsound 音色musicalquality 分贝decibel（dB）回声echo频率frequencyⅦ、力（force）重力gravity惯性inertia动力motiveforce重心centerofgravity平衡equilibrium阻力resistance摩擦力frictionforce压强pressure动力臂powerarm滑动摩擦slidingfriction帕斯卡Pascal(Pa)阻力臂resistingarm滚动摩擦rollingfriction液体压强hydraulicpressure作用线action-line静摩擦staticfriction大气压强atmosphericofpressure滑轮pulley压力pressureforce标准大气压standardatmospherepressure 定滑轮fixedpulley浮力buoyancyforce气压计barometer动滑轮movablepulley力的图示forcediagram托里拆利Torricelli滑轮组pulleyblock力的大小magnitudeofforce 功work力的方向directionofforce密度density功率power力的作用点actingpointofforce潜水艇submarine机械效率mechanicalefficiency 合力resultantforce热气球fireballoon有用功usefulwork分力componentforce飞艇airship额外功extrawok力的合成compositionofforces 简单机械simplemechanics总功totalwork形变deformation杠杆lever斜面inclinedplane牛顿第一定律Newton’sFirstLaw 支点pivotⅧ、电（electricity）电荷electriccharge正极positiveplate电压voltage带电体chargedbody负极negativeplate伏特Volt摩擦起电electrificationbyfriction 电路electriccircuit伏特计voltmeter正电荷positivecharge通路closedcircuit电阻resistance负电荷negativecharge开路opencircuit欧姆Ohm导体conductor短路shortcircuit变阻器rheostat绝缘体insulator电路图circuitmap滑动变阻器slidewirerheostat 半导体semiconductor串联seriesconnection欧姆定律Ohm’slaw电源powersource并联parallelconnection电功electricwork导线wire电量electricquantity电功率electricpower电键key(switch)电流electriccurrent额定电压ratedvoltage干电池drycell安培Ampere额定电功率ratedpower蓄电池storageplate安培计ammeter阿基米德原理Archimedesprinciple。