被动语态是动词语态的一种形式,表示主语是动作的承受者。

在历年的中考题中,都有一定数量的考查被动语态的题目。

因此,在总复习阶段,有必要对被动语态进行系统复习。

下面就来介绍被动语态复习的"三步曲",来帮助大家掌握这个语法项目。

第一曲:掌握被动语态的结构被动语态由"助动词+及物动词的过去分词"构成。

不同时态的被动语态的差异主要体现在助动词be的变化上,同时助动词be还要在人称和数上与主语保持一致。

现将初中阶段常见的几种时态的被动语态总结如下:8种常用时态的被动语态由“助动词be + 动词的过去分词”构成。

助动词be 有时态、人称和数的变化。

(1) 一般现在时：am/is/are +过去分词。

如：Rice is grown in south China. 华南种植水稻。

(2) 一般过去时：was/were+过去分词。

如：The glass was broken yesterday. 这块玻璃是昨天打烂的。

(3) 现在进行时：am/is/are being +过去分词。

如：The project is being carried out. 这个计划正在执行中。

(4) 过去进行时：was/were being +过去分词。

如：This road was being built this time last year. 这条路去年这个时候还在修建。

(5) 一般将来时：will be +过去分词。

如：The cars will be sent abroad by sea. 这些汽车将由水路运往国外。

(6) 过去将来时：would be +过去分词。

如：The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year. 经理说这个工程在年底前将会完成。

(7) 现在完成时：have/has been +过去分词。

如：This novel has been translated into several languages. 这本小说已被译成了几种语言。

(8) 过去完在时：had been +过去分词。

如：When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out. 我到达剧院时，发现票已卖完了。

（9）含有情态动词的被动语态:情态动词+be+done如:Y our homework must be handed in today.第二曲:掌握主动语态变被动语态的方法把主动语态变为被动语态时,应走好以下三步:1)主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语; 2)主动语态的谓语动词由主动语态形式变为被动语态形式; 3)主动结构的主语变为介词by的宾语,组成介词短语,放在被动结构的谓语动词之后。

在无须说明动作的执行者或只强调动作的承受者时,by短语可以省略。

请看示范:主动语态:My brother repaired that bike yesterday.主语谓语动词宾语其余部分被动语态:That bike was repaired (by my brother) yesterday.主语谓语动词by+宾语其余部分在中考题中,对于主动语态变为被动语态方法的考查,主要在句型转换题目中出现。

只要能够按照上面介绍的方法去做,一般是能够做对的。

第三曲:注意主动语态变为被动语态的几种特殊句型1.含有短语动词的被动语态一般来说,只有及物动词才有被动语态。

另外,许多不及物动词加上介词或副词构成的短语动词,相当于及物动词,后面也可加宾语。

在变被动语态时,注意不可丢掉后面的介词或副词,常见的这类短语动词有:take care of, look after, take off, look at, send for, look up等。

如: The old people should be taken good care of.2.含有双宾语的动词的被动语态含有双宾语的主动句改为被动句时,应将其中一个宾语改为被动结构的主语,另一个宾语仍保留在原处。

一种情况是把间接宾语(指人)变为主语,直接宾语(指物)不变。

另一种情况是把直接宾语(指物)变为主语,间接宾语(指人)不变,这时,间接宾语前通常加介词to,有时加for。

如:My father gave me a new book on my birthday.→I was given a new book (by my father) on my birthday. (间接宾语作了主语)A new book was given to me (by my father) on my birthday. (直接宾语作了主语)3.带有复合宾语的动词的被动语态带有复合宾语(宾语和宾语补足语)的主动语态变为被动语态时,只把宾语变为被动语态的主语,原来的宾语补足语不动。

同时,如果宾语补足语是省略to的动词不定式,变为被动语态时,必须加上不定式符号to,这类动词有make, let, see, hear, watch等。

如:We find English very useful.→English is found very useful.宾语宾补I often hear him sing in his room.→He is often heard to sing in his room.宾语宾补4.有的动词的主动形式可以表示被动意义,这类动词有: wash, sell, smell, taste, sound, feel 等。

如:The books sell well.The food tastes good.以上四种情况在中考题目中经常出现,同学们在碰到类似题目时,应首先分析属于哪种情况,然后再根据掌握的知识来做题。

有关被动语态的几个重要考点将语态与主谓一致结合起来命题1. All the employees except the manager ______to work online at home.A. encouragesB. encourageC. is encouragedD. are encouraged解析：主语是all the employees(复数) ，而不是the manager，排除答案A和C；又因all the employees与encourage是被动关系，要用被动语态，排除B，故选D。

2. A library with five thousand books _______to the nation as a gift.A. is offeredB. has offeredC. are offeredD. have offered解析：a library是offer的承受者，要用被动语态，排除B和D；又因主语(library) 是单数，排除C；故选A。

注意：with five thousand books是a library是定语。

将语态与虚拟语气结合起来命题—Don’t you think it necessary that he ______ to Miami but to New York?—I agree, but the problem is ______ he has refused to.A. will not be sent; thatB. not be sent; thatC. should not be sent; whatD. should not send; what解析：因he与send是被动关系，排除D；又因it (is) necessary后的that从句的谓语要用“(should+) 动词原形”，排除选项A；答句中的表语从句不缺任何句子成分，用that；故选B。

将语态与倒装结合起来命题Only after my friend came ______.A. did the computer repairedB. be repaired the computerC. was the computer repairedD. the computer was repaired解析：因the computer与repair是被动关系，排除A；又因only加状语置于句首，要用部分倒装，排除选项D和B；故选C。

将固定短语中的名词作主语来增加句子理解难度Good care must ______babies, particularly while they are ill.A. takeB. take ofC. be takenD. be taken of解析：由固定短语take good care of(好好照看) 是可知，good care与take是被动关系，排除A和B；选项C中又漏掉了of；故选D。

在语境中将语态与时态结合起来命题1. The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people ______ to eat more fruit and vegetables.A. persuadeB. will persuadeC. be persuadedD. are persuaded解析：因people与persuade是被动关系，排除A和B。

又因为主语是一般将来时，条件句中用一般现在时，所以选D。

2. Hundreds of jobs ______if the factory closes.A. loseB. will be lostC. are lostD. will lost解析：因lose与jobs是被动关系，排除A和D；又因条件状语从句是一般现在时，主句中的谓语动词应当是一般将来时，故选B。

3. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth ______each year.A. were washed awayB. is being washed awayC. are washing awayD. are being washed away解析：因good earth(沃土) 与wash away(冲走) 是被动关系，排除C；又因quantities of…作主语，谓语动词用复数，排除B；指近阶段(近些年) 正在发生的事，用现在进行时，排除A；故选D。

4. —The window is dirty. —I know. It ______ for weeks.()A. hasn’t cleanedB. didn’t cleanC. wasn’t cleanedD. hasn’t been cleaned解析：由is和for weeks可知，要用现在完成时态，排除B和C；又因It (The windo w) 与clean是被动关系，要用被动语态，所以选D。