医学考博英语：影像X射线常用词汇医学考博词汇不仅在医学考博英语中会用到，平时大家写论文时也经常需要熟悉其含义，新东方在线考博频道将各类医学考博英语常用词汇进行分类，希望考生们平日多累积记忆。
一、肺Lung
清晰clear
肺门阴影增大enlargement of hilar shadows
肺纹理增粗increase of lung markings
钙化灶calcified
空洞cavitation
球形病灶circular lesion (coin lesion)
小块阴影区a minimal area of density
散状的点(片)状阴影scattered spot (plaque-like) shadows
边界不清的片状阴影a poorly defined patchy density
圆形致密影a round density
胸膜增厚pleural thickening
肋膈角模糊(变钝、消失)haziness (blunting, obliteration) of the costophrenic angle
横膈抬高、活动受限elevation of diaphragm with limitation of movement
包裹性胸腔积液encapsulated pleural effusion
液气胸hydropneumothorax
纵膈移位mediastinal displacement
肺门模糊hilar haze
肺门密度增高increase of pulmonary hilar density
肺淤血(栓塞) pulmonary venous stasis (infarction)
阴影性状shadow
淡的haziness
云雾状clouding
线装streaky
絮状patcky
结节状nodular
块状massive
粟粒状miliary
融合状confluent
均匀的homogeneous
二、心脏Heart
左(右)房(室)增大left (right) atrial (ventricular) enlargement 主动脉屈曲延长 a tortuous and prolonged aorta
主动脉型(二尖瓣型)心脏“aortic type”(“mitral valve”) heart 肺动脉段突出bulging pulmonary artery segment
肺动脉扩张a dilatation of the pulmonary artery
心影普遍增大general enlargement of the heart shadow
左(右)心室增大left(right) ventricular enlargement
左(右)心房增大left(right) atrial dilatation
靴形心脏boot-shaped heart
主动脉钙化calcification of aorta
心腰部waist of heart
垂位(狭长形;无力形;横位;斜位)心vertical (slender; asthenic; horizontal; oblique) heart
三、腹部平片KUB film
结石calculus
钙化影calcified shadow
阶梯型液平fluid levels with stepladder pattern
液气平面gas-fluid level
膈下游离气体subphrenic free air
四、胃肠道钡剂检查barium enema examination
胃肠造影gastroenterography
双重对比造影double contrast radiography
食管蠕动征esophageal peristalsis sign
十二指肠曲(压迹)duodenal flexure(impression)
小肠黏膜皱襞影mucosal fold shadow of small intestine
结肠蠕动与排空征peristalsis and empting signs of colon
胃排空时间延长delayed gastric emptying time
胃空腹潴留液fasting retention of stomach
充盈缺损filling defect
黏膜皱襞消失disappearance of the mucosal folds
张力减低(增高)hypotonicity (hypertonicity)
球部激惹现象irritable cap
蠕动增强vigorous peristaltic activity (hyperperistalsis)
蠕动减弱bradydiastalsis
蠕动消失aperistalsis
排空加快(减缓) accelerated(reduced) evacuation
跳跃现象skipping phenomenon
黏膜增宽和迂曲broadened and tortuous mucosal fold
黏膜皱襞平坦flat mucosal fold
五、胆道bile tract
口服胆囊造影oral cholecystography
静脉胆管胆囊造影intravenous cholecysto-cholangiography
经T形管胆囊造影trans-T-tube cholecystography
经皮肝穿刺胆管造影percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC)
胆总管扩张dilated common duct
胆囊浓缩功能良好gallbladder concentrated satisfactorily 胆囊显影不好，浓缩功能差gallbladder with faint shadow, concentrated inadequately
收缩功能contractibility
六、骨骼skeleton
骨皮质增厚cortical thickening of bone
洋葱皮样改变“onion skin” appearance
骨膜反应periosteal reaction
骨质疏松osteoporosis (rarefaction)
骨化ossification
畸形deformity
缩短shortening
移位displacement
脱位luxation
半脱位subluxation
连接不正malunion
青枝骨折greenstick fracture
多发性骨折multiple fracture
病理性骨折pathological fracture
关节间隙joint space
椎间隙intervertebral space
肋软骨钙化影calcification shadow of costal cartilage
骨质软化osteomalacia (osteomalacosis)
骨质增生硬化hyperostosis osteosclerosis
死骨sequestrum
骨质坏死bone necrosis
关节肿胀(破坏;退行)swelling (destruction; degeneration) of joint 关节强直ankyloses
骨骺分离epiphyseal separation
对线良好good alignment
对位良好good apposition
七、泌尿系统urological system
静脉肾盂造影intravenous pyelography (IVP)
逆行肾盂造影retrograde pyelography
萎缩atrophy
移位deformity
扭曲distortion
充盈缺损filling defect
狭窄stricture
不透光的(透光的)结石opaque(translucent) stone
八、X线检查位置
前后位anteroposterior projection
后前位postero-anterior(PA) projection
侧位lateral projection
立位upright position
斜位oblique projection
右(左)前斜位right(left) anterior oblique(RAO/LAO) projection 前后斜位anteroposterior oblique projection
前凸位lordotic position projection
轴位axial position
头位cranial projection
尾位caudal projection。