肌肉抽筋的种类和处理方法Many of us at some point in our life have probably experienced a muscle cramp. The pain that it brings is something that isn't forgotten, and is something a person does not want to experience again.我们中的很多人在一生中可能都经历过肌肉抽筋。
其带来的疼痛是难以忘记，也肯定不希望再发生的。
Most people do not understand what a muscle cramp is, let alone understand why it happens and how to prevent them. This article will give you all the information you need to fully understand muscle cramps.多数人不明白什么是肌肉抽筋，那就让我们来了解为什么会出现这个现象并如何避免其发生。
这篇文章会让你完全了解肌肉抽筋的情况。
What Is A Cramp?什么是肌肉抽筋？A muscle cramp is an involuntarily and forcibly contracted muscle that does not relax. Muscle cramps normally last from a few seconds to up to fifteen minutes. On rare occurrences they can last longer than fifteen minutes. A cramp can persist numerous times until it eventually goes away. Cramps can effect the muscles differently - for instance it can affect a group of muscles, a single muscle, or even a specific part of a muscle.肌肉抽筋是指肌肉的无意识强烈收缩，无法获得松弛。
肌肉抽筋通常会持续几秒到15分钟的时间。
在个别情况下，可能会持续15分钟以上。
抽筋可能会重复很多次才会最终消失。
抽筋会在不同程度影响肌肉，比如一组肌群，一块单独的肌肉，甚至一块肌肉的某个部分。
Who Can Get A Cramp?什么人会抽筋？Cramps are very common not only in athletes, but also in someone who is sedentary all day long. Children and seniors alike can be victim to cramping. Aging is a nasty concept-and unfortunately as you age, your chance of frequent cramping increases.抽筋不仅仅会影响运动员，甚至连整天坐在椅子上的人也可能抽筋。
儿童和老年人也可能成为抽筋的受害者。
虽然衰老是令人讨厌的事情，但遗憾的是，随着你逐渐衰老，抽筋的几率也会逐渐上升。
Can All Muscles Cramp?所有的肌肉都会抽筋吗？All skeletal muscles can cramp at any given moment. A very common cramp that majority of the population has experienced one time or another occurs with the calf muscle (named a "charley horse"). Most cramps occur in the extremities especially with the legs.所有的骨骼肌都会在任何时候发生抽筋的状况。
大多数人可能都经历过的抽筋可能就是小腿抽筋。
多数抽筋都发生在腿部的下肢部位。
Are There Different Types Of Cramps?抽筋也分很多种吗？Cramps are classified according to the muscle groups they affect and their different causes. There are four types of skeletal muscle cramps:抽筋可根据被影响的肌群和其影响的方式而进行分类。
主要有4种骨骼肌抽筋：1. True cramps 真正的抽筋2. Contractures 挛缩3. Tetany 搐搦症4. Dystonic cramps 肌张力异常性抽筋1. True Cramps: 真正的抽筋True cramps are caused by hyperexcitability of the nerves of a muscle. They can involve part or a whole muscle group. True cramps are the most common type of skeletal muscle cramp. These types of cramps can occur due to many factors.真正的抽筋是由于肌肉神经的兴奋过度造成的。
这可能影响到部分或整个肌群。
真正的抽筋是最常见的骨骼肌抽筋现象。
这种现象可能由很多不同的条件造成。
Vigorous Activity: 剧烈运动When playing sports, muscle fatigue as well as vigorous use of the muscles can cause cramping. These cramps can occur either during or after the activity. Older individuals are at a higher risk for cramping while doing any type of intense physical activities.当进行体育活动时，肌肉疲劳和肌肉的激烈运动都可能造成抽筋。
抽筋可能发生在运动过程中或之后。
年长者有更高几率在剧烈身体运动后发生抽筋。
Just the opposite case can also cause muscle cramping. If an individual is lying or even sitting in an awkward position for a long period of time cramping can result.相反的状况也可能造成肌肉抽筋。
如果某个人以不当的姿势躺着甚至坐着一段时间，也可能造成抽筋。
Injury: 受伤An injury alone can cause cramping. Cramping can occur as a protective mechanism following an injury. In this case, the cramp occurs to stabilize the injury and to minimize movement from that area.受伤也可能造成抽筋的现象。
抽筋可以在受伤后起到保护机制的作用。
这种情况下，抽筋会使伤处确保稳定，并限制其行动幅度到最小化。
Dehydration: 脱水Dehydration is mainly caused by warm weather in which it can be an early sign of something more serious such as heat stroke. Athletes and those individuals who are doing vigorous activities are more likely to become dehydrated due to fluid loss from perspiration.由于高温天气引起的脱水现象也很可能是中暑之类的严重问题的前兆。
运动员们和一些其他人在进行激烈运动时最有可能因为排汗导致身体水分流失。
Bodybuilders are commonly found using products such as diuretics to push out any extra water they are carrying so that their definition will be better on stage. While trying to put out the water, many bodybuilders lower sodium levels so they do not retain any water that they lost. This loss of sodium can cause dehydration and cramping. That is why when someone is cramping, they sometimes give them a salt tablet to take with some water.健美选手们普遍地使用利尿剂来排除体内水分，以使舞台上的肌肉线条更加清晰。
当试图排除身体水分的时候，很多健美选手并不及时补充水分，导致体内钠含量也被降低。
钠流失会造成脱水和抽筋。
这就是为什么当有人抽筋时，人们有时会给其服用一片盐片就水喝下。
Low Potassium Levels: 钾水平降低When potassium levels are low, muscles are weakened and muscle cramps can occur. Eating bananas will help keep potassium levels normal so that the chances of cramping are minimized.当体内钾含量降低，肌肉会被削弱，并导致抽筋。