2019年全国英语等级考试四级全真预测卷听力(4)Part A Henrv Alfred Kissinger was born in Germany of Jewish nationality on May 27，1 923．He came to the United States in l938 and became a US citizen in l943．He served in the US Army in World War II from1943 to 1946．He studied political science at Harvard University and got his doctoral degree there．He also taught there from l954 until l969．He was a unique teacher and admired by his students．Dr KissirIger entered government service in l969 and eventually became the most celebrated American Secretarv of State since Thomas Jefferson．He was chief foreign policy advisor and Secretary of State to Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford．Among Kissinger’s achievements were the restoration of US relations with the People’s Republic of China and the arrangement—by“shuttle diplomacy”一0f a cease- fire between the Israelis and the Arabs in the Arab-Israeli War of 1973．He also negotiated a cease-fire in Vietnam and was awarded Nobel Peace Prize for l 973 for his role in US troops withdrawing from Vietnam．Part B Today’s lecture will include the most outstanding achievements in biology as it relates to the medical sciences．Earlv in Greek history，Hippocrates，who lived from 460 to 370 BC，began to study the human body and to apply scientific methods to the problems of diagnosis and the treatment of diseases．He kept careful records of symptoms and treatments，indicating thesuccess or failure of the patient’s cure．He has been recognized as the father of modern medicine．About a century later，Aristotle began fl scientific study of plants and animals，classifying more than five hundred types on the basis of body structure．Because of his great contribution to the field，Aristotle has been called the father of biology．During the Middle Ages，scientific method was Scorned in favor of alchemy．Some scientists were even imprisoned for carrying OUt theirinvestigations．ThUS,medicine and biology had advanced very little from the time of the ancients until the seventeenth century when the English physician and anatomist Wmiam Harvery discovered a mechanism for the circulation of the blood in the body．By the end of the eighteenth century，Edward Jenner had discovered a vaccine against smallpox．His contribution not only controlled the disease itself，but also established the science of immunization．Louis Pasteur’s theories about germs and bacteria advanced in the nineteenth century are considered by many to be the greatest single contribution of biology to medicine．Within a few decades，the causes were isolated for such ancient diseases as leprosy，plague，diphtheria，and tuberculosis．But the advances of the twentieth century in curative and preventive medicine and biology are far more n啪erous than all other periods combined．Consider that the sterilization of surgical instruments，largelyi the idea of Sir Joseph Lister，is fl process only 75 years old．Sulfur drugs，antibiotics，and X-rays are discoveries of the past 50 years．Part C Question ll～13 are based on a special TV news report about the three astronauts returning from a space flight．You now have l5 seconds to read Questions 11～13．We interrupt this program to bring you a special news bulletin-The three astronauts have splashed down safely in the Pacific Ocean，145 miles southwest of Hawaii，only six miles from the aircraft carrier that was dispatched for the recovery mission．The space capsule floated down on three parachutes and landed right-side-up in the water．Mission Contr01in Houston，which is in constant communication with the astronauts，confirmed that the parachutes and landing systems had functioned properly．Mission Control has advised the astronauts to remain inside the capsule until they are lifted aboard the aircraft carrier．An Air Force helicopteris already hovering above the capsule and seven divers are in the process of attaching lines to the spacecraft．The astronauts have returned after fifteen days in space．Possibly one of the most important accomplishments of this mission was the extensive photographing of the sun’s surface．After two days of physical examinations and observation，the astronauts will fly to Houston where they will be reunited with their families．They plan to return to Mission Control on Thursday to hold a news eonference．Ladies and gentlemen，we have confirmation that the astronauts are now aboard the aircraftcarrier． They seem to be in very good condition as they prepare for the welcoming ceremonies．For more about the splash-down．watch the seven 0’clock news report on Channel l2，NBC．Questions l4～16 are based on a talk about graffiti，an art form for some people or violence for others．‰now have l5 seconds to read Questions 14～16．Graffiti is drawing or writing often found in a wall in public places．These drawings and writings are usually rude，humorous，or political．The words“graffiti”comes froman Italian word meaning address． Graffiti provides a record of the past because people have written on walls for centuries．Cave drawings are the earliest examples we have of the art of graffiti．Writing on walls is a way to comment on the world we live in．Women’s liberation groups in Britain， for example，have used graffiti to show their anger at the sex discrimination of many advertisements where women’s bodies are used to sell goods．Yesterday’s graffiti can be today’s foreign attraction．When the Berlin wall came down in l989，people found that it was covered with graffiti from all over the world．Graves of famous people，like rock-star Jim Morrison，are covered with written messages from fans．Graffiti is also a popular art form．Graffiti pictures have gained respect in artistic circles．Today， graffiti is likely to be found hanging inside modern New York apartments as well as in downtown streets． In New York．graffiti pictures have been sold for hundreds or thousands of doliars．Graffiti artists have been paid to use their art to brighten up dullenvironments．But graffiti can bring us trouble．Scenes of natural beauty and important landmarks have been spoiled by mindless graffiti．The London underground authority has spent about 2 million pounds a year on removing graffiti from trains and stations．If you are caught doing it，you can be sent to prison．In Britain， the maximum sentence for this type of crime is ten years．Whether you think graffiti is mindless violence against property，or a living art form，its popularity suggests that it is here tostay． Questions l 7～20 are based On a radio infervieW about diVarce．you now have 20 seconds to read Questions17～20．M：Dear audiences，today we’11 talk about divorceand its effect on children．Our guest is Jennifer Benzes. Thank you for comin9，Jennifer．Do you mind saying something about your divorce? W：N0．I got divorced years ago．Even worse，I got divorced when I had small children．M：Have you thought of the effect divorce may have on yourchildren?Their needs can be forgotten as parents are struggling to reestablish their lives．W：Of course，we hve．We are definitely more aware of the impact on children．After all we are not faInous people who trade spouses like shoes．For most of US divorce is not enteredinto lightly．We all suffer．Anyway，we try to comfort our children．M：How? W：We tell them we love them and will always do． M：You haven’t thought of saving the marriage? W：Yes，we have．We would do anything to spare our children pain．But you know，fixing a marriage ls not like changing a tire．Family conflicts may take hold like a cancer．M：Then divorce is the only way to get rid of it．W：It’s true with me．Others may succeed infixin9．M：Yet m0st peOple belleve a bad marriage is better for children than a divorce．According to a recent pool,nlore people today think parents should stay togetherfor the sake of the children．What do you think? W：I think the cOst of staying together is worse than the benefits．Parents quarrelling and fighting all day may do more harm to their children．M：What do you want society to do for you? W：Understand us，not curse us．More importantly，they should help US share the loss and build a better futllreSection I Listening Comprehension Part A1．Jewish。