小学英语-现在完成时新概念英语语法串讲——现在完成时现在完成时指的是过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果，过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在并且有可能还会持续的动作或状态。

一、现在完成时的用法1. 过去某时发生的动作到目前为止这个动作已经完成。

如：1）I have finished my homework. 我做完家庭作业了。

（过去某时开始做，到现在已完成）2）He has already come 他已经来了。

（过去某时开始离开某地到这来，现在已在这。

）2. 表示动作发生在过去并延续到现在,有可能继续延续下去。

如：1）I have studied English for six years. 我已经学了六年英语了。

（六年前开始学英语，一直学到现在, 也可能继续学也可能就此不学了。

）2）I have lived in Shenyang since 1990. 我从1990年就在沈阳住。

（从1990年开始住在沈阳一直住到现在，也可能继续住也可能就此为止。

）二、现在完成时的结构1）肯定式：主语 + have / has + 过去分词2）否定式: 主语 + have / has + not + 过去分词3）一般疑问式 Have / Has + 主语 + 过去分词4）特殊疑问式特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词三、现在完成时的时间状语现在完成时常用的时间状语包括“already, yet,ever, etc”。

例如：We have learned about 3000 English words by the end of this term.到上学期末我们已经学了3000个英语单词。

注意：1) 当表示一段时间，现在完成时可以用for 或since引导的状语。

例如：I’ve known Li Li for 4 years. 我认识丽丽已经4年了。

I have worked here since 8 years ago. 自从8年前我就在这工作。

2) 当在肯定陈述句中含有already或just 时，在转换成否定句时，要把句中的already 或just 去掉，在句末加上yet.。

例如：I have already seen the film. ------ I haven’t seen the film yet.He has just come. ------He hasn’t come yet.注意：for和since的用法。

①for+时段为…时间②since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来）③since+时段+ago④since+从句（过去时）⑤It is+时段+since+从句（过去时）四、过去分词变化规则如下：1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。

四点变化规则：（1)一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。

work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited(2)以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。

live---lived---lived ,(3)以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词，将 "y" 变为 "i" ，再加“ ed ”。

study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried(4)重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。

stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped2 、不规则动词变化需参看不规则动词表逐一熟记。

例如; cut- cut- cut,hit-- hit-- hit.五、使用时注意事项1.“have/ has got ” 形式上是一种完成时，但和have/ has 为同一意思“有”。

例如：Have you got pen-friends? Yes, I have.你有笔友吗？是的，我有。

Has he got a lot of work to do? No, he hasn’t.他有许多工作要做吗？不，他没有。

2. have/has gone to 、have/has been to 和have/has been in的区别。

have/ has gone to 去了，在去某地的路上或在某地，人还未回来have/ has been to 曾经去过，人已经回来了have/ has been in 已经在，常与一段时间连用He has been to Shenyang before. 他以前曾去过沈阳。

He has been in Shenyang for ten years. 他在沈阳10年了。

Has he gone to Shenyang? 他去沈阳了吗？3. have/ has been to常和once, twice, never, ever连用；have/ has gone to则不可。

例如:─ Has Tom ever been to Paris? 汤姆去过巴黎吗？─Yes, he’s been there many times. 是的，他去过好几次了。

─ Where have they gone? 他们去哪里了？─They’ve gone to Shenyang. 他们去沈阳了。

4．非延续性动词(或称作终止性动词)不能用“现在完成时 + 表示一段时间的状语”的句型中。

这类动词有：come, go, start, leave, die, buy, finish, join, borrow, stop等。

但它们能够用表示持续状态的相应的延续性动词替换句中的终止性动词。

arrive, come → be here, be in buy → havebegin, start → be on die → be deadget up → be up leave, move → be away；go out → be out borrow→keepfinish/end →be over open →be openclose →be closed join— be a member of六、现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用，如already（肯定）, yet（否定，疑问）,just, before, recently,still, lately,never等.例如: He has already finished the work..典型例题1：His father_____the party since 1978A.joindB.has joinedC.was inD.has been in解析：本题考查学生对现在完成时的熟练掌握。

since 1978表达“自从1978年一直到现在”，表示这件事情从过去一直持续到现在，应该用现在完成时，而且动词必须是延续性动词，AB均为瞬间动词，不能与时间段连用，故排除；C为一般过去时，也不行。

答案；D.要牢记：一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。

如：yesterday, last week , two years ago ,just now ,in 2002 等；而现在完成时则常与just ,already ,ever ,never 等副词和these days ,this week ,since ......, for ...... 等表示一段时间的状语连用。

现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响和结果，而一般过去时与现在没有联系，只是说明某个动作发生的时间是在过去。

典型例题2：—______ you ___ your homework yet ?—Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .A.Did ; do ; finishedB.Have ; done ; finishedC.Have ; done ; have finished解析：本题考查一般过去时和现在完成时的用法区别。

问句中的yet表明应该用现在完成时，而回答中的a moment ago 是一个表示过去的时间状语，应该用一般过去时。

答案： B附表：动词——过去式——过去分词1、AAA型（原形、过去式和过去分词同形）：2、cost cost cost cut cut cut let let letput put put read read read2、ABB型（过去式与过去分词同形）：bring brought brought build built builtbuy bought bought catch caught caughtdig dug dug feel felt feltfind found found get got gothave had had hear heard heardhold held held keep kept kept※learn learnt learnt leave left leftlend lent lent make made mademeet met met pay paid paidsay said said sell sold soldsend sent sent shine shone shonesit sat sat sleep slept slept※smell smelt smelt spend spent spentstand stood stood teach taught taughttell told told think thought thought understand understood understood3、ABC型（原形、过去式和过去分词各异）：be was/were been begin began begun blow blew blown break broke broken do did done draw drew drawn drink drank drunk drive drove driven eat ate eaten fall fell fallenfly flew flown forget forgot forgotten give gave given go went gone grow grew grown know knew known lie lay lain ride rode riddenring rang rung see saw seenshow showed shown sing sang sung speak spoke spoken swim swam swum take took taken throw threw thrown wake woke woken wear wore worn write wrote written4、ABA型（原形与过去分词同形）：become became become come came come 5、AAB型（原形与过去式同形）：beat beat beaten现在完成时练习一、选择填空1. Kate’s never seen Chinese films，____ ?A. hasn’t sheB. has sheC. isn’t sheD. is she2. -Mum, may I go out and play basketball?-______you______ your homework yet?A. Do；finishB. Are；finishingC. Did；finishD. Have；finished3. His brother has been to Stone Forest twice______he came to Yunnan.A. afterB. beforeC. sinceD. for4. Tom______the CD player for two weeks.A. has lentB. has borrowedC. has boughtD. has had5. I______a letter from him since he left.A. didn’t receiveB. haven’t gotC. didn’t haveD. haven’t heard6. -Have you ever______Beijing ? -Yes, I have.A. went toB. gone toC. been inD. been to7. My parents ______ Shandong for ten years.A. have been inB. have been toC. have gone toD. have been8. I won’t go to the concert because I ____my ticket.A. lostB. don’t loseC. have lostD. is coming9. – Where is Mr Liu? - He________ the library.A. has been toB. has gone toC. has been inD.has went10. We came to Shanghai three years ago, so we_______here for two years.A. have been toB. have been inC. have beenD. have gone11.- How long_______you _______your exam paper? - About three months.A. did；buyB. have；getC. have；hadD. have；bought12. He tells me he ________China for over eight years.A. has beenB. has been inC. has been toD. has gone to13. His parents________ for more than 3 years.A. have come hereB. have started to workC. have lived thereD. have left the university14．I_______ a letter from him since he left．A．didn't receive B．haven't got C．didn't have D．haven't heard 15．—Where have you _______ these days？—I have _______to Dalian with my friends．A．been；gone B．been；been C．gone；been D．gone；gone16．How long have you _______ this book？A．bought B．borrowed C．had D．lent17．—Where's Peter？—He _______ to Nanjing．A．is going B．has been C．has gone D．went18．We have lived here _______ five years ago．A．when B．since C．before D．after19．—I have watched the game．—When _______you _______ it？A．have；watched B．do；watch C．did；watch D．will；watch20. Miss Brown _______ to the Great Wall twice．A．have been B．has been C．have gone D．has gone二．用动词的适当形式填空1. I___________ already _________(see) the film. I_____________(see) it last week.2. —___________he___________(finish) his work yet? — Not yet.3. — ___________you___________(be) to Hong Kong?— Yes, I____________(be) there twice.4. — ___________you ever____________(eat ) chocolate? — No, never.5.My father____________ just___________(come) back from work. He is tired now.6. — Where's Li Ming? — He___________(go) to the teacher's office.7.I____________(work) here since I___________(move) here in 1999.8. — How long__________ the Wangs ____________(stay) here ? — For two weeks.三. 句型转换 (每空一词)1. I have been to Macau before. (改为否定句)I______ ______been to Macau before.2. He hasn't come to school because he's ill. (就划线部分提问)_________ _________ he come to school?3. He has learned English for 5 years. (就划线部分提问)__________ __________ ___________ __________learned English?4. I bought a new bike just now. (用just改写)I_______ just __________a new bike.5. We began to learn English three years ago. (改为同义句)We___________ ___________English _____________three years.四．填入has / have been 或has / have gone.1. Harry： I saw you in Annabel's Restaurant last night.Diana： No, it wasn't me. I ____________ never__________ there.2. Sam： Sally and Tim are on holiday, aren't they? Where________they __________?Sue：To Florida, again.Sam： How many times________they___________there?Sue： This is their third visit.3. Steve： Can I speak to Jill, please?Lynn： She's out, I'm afraid. She____________to the cinema this evening.Steve： Again? She________already__________to the cinema three times this week.五、用for 或since填空。