《英汉互译实践与技巧》第十三 章-科技英语翻译
Ⅰ. Formation of English Technical Terms
英语技术词语的构成
2. Compounding复合法
• Combining with a hyphen：salt-former卤素，dewpoint露点，pulse-sealer 脉冲定标器
• bull’ s eye (靶心)，cat-and-mouse (航向与指挥的)， dog house (高频高压电源屏蔽罩)
Ⅰ. Formation of English Technical Terms
英语技术词语的构成
3. Blending 缩合法 • smog = smoke + fog 烟雾 • brunch = breakfast + lunch 早午餐/晚早餐 • telex = teleprinter + exchange 电传 • gravisphere = gravity + sphere 引力范围 • medicare = medical + care 医疗保健 • biorhythm = biological + rhythm 生理节奏 • copytron = copy + electron 电子复写(技术)
• SALT Strategic Arms Limitation Talks 限制战略武器会谈
• SNAP subsystem for nuclear auxiliary power (原子)核辅助动 力子系统
• AS air scoop 空气收集器
•
air seasoned 风干的(木材)
•
airspeed 空速、气流速率
Ⅱ. Characteristics Syntax of EST
科技英语的句法特点
2、High Frequency of Noun Phrases (More Nominalization)
• All substances will permit the passage of some electric current, provided the potential difference is high enough.
• combining without a hyphen: fallout放射性尘埃， hovercraft气垫船，waterlock 水闸，thunderstorm 雷暴
• two or more sepaination: verbal translator逐字翻译机, satellite antimissile observation system 卫星反导弹观察系统
• Poor Translation: 只要有足够的电位差，所有物体都允许一些电流通过。
• Idiomatic Translation: 只要有足够的电位差，电流便可通过任何物体。
3、 Extensive Use of he Passive Voice • General English：
People get natural rubber from rubber trees as a white, milky liquid, which is called latex. They mix it with acid, and d y it, and then they send it to countries all over the world.
4. Acronym首字母缩略
• ADP automatic data processing 自动数据处理
• AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 艾滋病
• EDPM electronic data processing machine 电子数据处理机
• MOUSE minimum orbital unmanned satellite of the earth (仪 表载重50 公斤以下的) 不载人的最小人造地球卫星
corporation) • Kuru 库鲁病(derived from a place in eastern New
Guinea) • Alfven wave 阿尔文波(derived from the Swedish
astrophysicist Hannes Alfven)
Ⅱ. Characteristics Syntax of EST
•
air station 航空站、飞机场
• American Standard 美国标准
• atmosphere and space 大气层与宇宙空间
Ⅰ. Formation of English Technical Terms
英语技术词语的构成
5. Proper Nouns专有名词 • Xerox 静电复制(derived from a trademark) • IBM System IBM 系统(derived from a US
科技英语的句法特点
1、More Long and Complicated Sentences
• One of the most important things which the economic theories can contribute to management science is building analytical models which help in recognizing the structure of managerial problems, eliminating the minor details which might obstruct decision making, and m concentrating on the main issues. 经济理论对于管理科学的最重要贡献之一，就是建立 分析模型。这种模型有 助于认识管理问题的构成， 排除可能妨碍决策的次要因素，从而有助于集中精力 去解决主要的问题。