雅思写作话题分类词汇教育与学业考试频率：★★★★★Education and study 教育与学业1、T eachi ng methods 教学方法7、2、Educational facilities 教育设施3、A cademic subjects 学校科目9、4、Computer and learning(teaching) Generation gap 代沟8、Adolescents' /Teenagers' problems 青少年问题Studying abroad 留学话题电脑与学习(教学) 10、Taking a part-time job 兼职工作5、Personal development 个人发展任11、Parents' /Teachers' responsibilities 父母/教师责6、Physical and mental growth 身心成长12、Functions/tuition of university 大学功能/ 学费真题重现In schools and uni versities, some girls tend to choose arts subjects, while boys choose to study scie nee subjects. What are the reas ons? Do you think this trend should be cha nged?Some people think that the main purpose of school is to turn children as a good citizens and workers, rather to ben efit them as in dividuals. To what exte nt do you agree or disagree?分类词汇加油站1. scope of knowledge 知识面2.lighten the burden of 减轻了…的负担3. comprehensive knowledge 广博的知识4」ong-distanee education 远程教育 5.enrich theteaching method丰富教育手段6. teach in g\pedagogical methodology 教学方法7. schooling 学校教育parenting、upbringing 家庭教育8.impart\inculcate knowledge 传授知识9.multi-media teachi ng 多媒体教学10.vocatio nal education 职业教育11.dow n-to-earth, practical切合实际的12.enlightening 予以人启迪的13.perplexing 令人困惑的14. the cultural diversity 文化的多元性15. in sightful富有洞察力的，有深刻见解的16. un dertake the due obligati ons 承担责任17.exam-orie nted educati on 应试教育18.develop our creative mi nd 培养我们创造性思维19.wide n one ' s kno wledge 拓展知识面20. r ealize the value of life 实现生命价值21. grasp good com muni catio n skills 掌握良好交流技能22.cultivate a strong sense ofresponsibility 培养了强烈的责任感23. cultivate logical thinking 培养逻辑思维24.rote learning、learn things by rote 死记硬背25. cultivate，foster，nurture 培养26. promote the student ' s physical, mental \intellectual and emotional development 促进学生身心发展27.psychological sou ndn ess\well-bei ng 心理健康28.aptitude，tale nt 学习能力（先天）29.ability，skill学习能力（后天）30.tap one ' s potential挖掘某人的潜能31. g o astray 误入歧途；indiscipline、misbehavior、mischief 不遵守纪律;disruptive students、unruly students 违反纪律的学生;commit crimes 犯罪32.theoretical knowledge 理论知识;practical knowledge 实践知识33.university education 大学教育；vocational educati on职业教育;primary-level education 小学教育;secondary-level education 中学教育34 youngsters、adolescents 青少年35.develop linguistic skills 培养语言技能36. c omprehe nsive kno wledge 全面的知识37.face-to-face com muni cati on 面对面交流38. s timulate one ' s interest 激发了…的兴趣39.increase efficiency 提高效率40. e nrich the teachi ng and lear ning methods 丰富了教学手段41. be fully aware of…充分意识到…科学与技术考试频率：★★★★★Science and Tech no logy 科学与技术1、Technological 科技产品7、Medical advancement 医学进步2、In formation tech no logy 信息与技术8、Techn ology VS. arts 科技与艺术3、Discoveries and inventions 发现与创造9、Animal experiments 动物实验4、Scienee VS. culture 科学与文化10、Space research 太空研究5、High-tech entertainment 高科技娱乐11、Extending human life 延长寿命6、Producing contaminants/resources 制造污染/资源12、Genetically modified food 转基因食品真题重现With computer tech no logy beco ming cheaper and more accessible, more adults work from home and more childre n study from home. Do you thi nk it is a positive or n egative developme nt?In today's world of adva need scie nee and tech no logy, we still greatly value our artists such as musicia ns, pain ters and writers. What can arts tell us about life that scie nee and tech no logy cannot?分类词汇加油站1. exert a far-reaching impact on 产生一种深远的影响2. cutt in g-edge tech no logy 尖端科技3 in formatio n explosi on\o verload 信息爆炸4 depletion of resources 能源消耗5. sophisticated equipme nt 尖端设备6. technical innovation 科技创新7. e nhan ce\augme nt\boost the efficie ncy 提高效率8. the proliferatio n of In ternet 互联网的广泛使用9. tech no logical inno vati ons 科技创新及发展10.l abor-savi ng 省力的labor-replaci ng 代替人力的11. biotechnology 生物技术12. a fatal breakdown 致命故障13. potential hazards 潜在危险14. pose a threat to…对…有一种威胁15. promote relative in dustries促进相关产业发展16. accelerate 加速…17. t ra nsportati on tools 交通工具18. e nvir onmen tally-frie ndly resources 环保的能源19alternative fuel 可替代燃料20. sustainable development 可持续性发展21. scie ntific exploratio n 科学探索22. substitute 取代23.overcome difficulties 克服困难24. unprecedented 前所未有的25. see dramatic breakthroughs 取得突破性进展26. aggravate 使恶化27.levy the tax 征税28. be viewed as…被视为是…29. be concerned about…对…担忧/关注…30. pollutio n- free fuel 无污染燃料31.luxury奢侈品32. c hronic lead poisoning 慢性铅中毒y more emphasis on…把重心放在…34.settle dow n effective laws 制定出积极有效的法律35.1m pose restrict ions on …对…实施限制36. short-sighted 目光短浅的37. non-renewable resources 不可再生资源38.telecommunications 远程通信39. a pillar in dustry 支柱产业4O.make full use of …充分利用 41. speed limits 限速42. e nhance the quality of life 提高生活质量 43. pay a heavy price 付出惨痛的代价 44. call for …需要… 45.overcrowded 过度拥挤的 46. headache 令人头痛的事 47. traffic accidents 交通事故 48. head-way 进展49. co nflict with …与…相冲突 50. major cause 主要原因真题重现We are surr oun ded by all kinds of advertis ing, which sig ni fica ntly in flue nee our lives. Do the positive effects of advertis ing outweigh its n egative effects?Some think that computer games are dangerous for children in every way; others think that computer games help children ' s development. Discuss both views and give your opinion 分类词汇加油站1. paparazzi 狗仔队 27. sitcom 情景喜剧2. mass media 大众媒体28. soap opera 肥皂剧传媒与网络考试频率：★★★★Media and the In ternet 传媒与网络 1、 TV and learning 电视与学习 7、 2、 Computer games 电脑游戏 8、 3、 On li ne com muni cati on 网络交际 4、 Computers VS. teachers 电脑与老师 5、 Nature of journalism 新闻本质6、 Media and crime 传媒与犯罪 12In ternet shopp ing 网络购物 Computer illiteracy电脑文盲9、Media and con sumption 传媒与消费10、Children and advertising 儿童与广告 11、Global VS. local 全球与本地 Virtuality and isolation 虚拟与孤独3. entertainment 娱乐 29. affair 绯闻4. journalism 新闻业 30. celebrity 名人5. the latest news 最新消息 31. rise to fame 声名鹊起6. exclusive news 独家新闻 32. invade one's privacy 侵扰了…的隐私7. endanger social stability and safety 危害社会稳 33. misleading 误导性的定和安全34. cheating 欺骗性的8. news agency 新闻社 35. popularity 知名度 9. news block-out 新闻圭寸锁 36. scan dal 丑闻 10. news censorship 新闻审查37. sensational 轰动的11. freedom of the press 新闻自由 38. prevale nt 普遍的、流行的 12. coverage 新闻报道 39. imperative 重要的、必要的 13. do reportage on … 报导… 40. audienee ratings 收视率14. hit the headlines 上头条 41. propaganda 宣传42. be abducted by 受…诱导 43. purify one's soul 净化心灵44.live in virtual would 生活在一个虚拟世界中45. be a great comfort to somebody 对…来说是19. editorial 社论一个巨大安慰20. newsworthy 值得报道的 46. meet different tastes 满足不同口味 21. barometer 晴雨表 47. follow the fashion blindly 盲目追逐时尚22. the barometer of public opinion 舆论晴雨表 48. be inconceivable to somebody 对来说是难 以23. live broadcast 直播 想象的24. quiz show 智力竞争节目 49. impressive 给人印象深刻的 25. right to know 知情权 50. in the disguise of … 打着…的幌子 26. variety show 综合节目国家与政府考试频率：★★★★Nati on and gover nment 国家与政府 1、 Government ' s responsibility 政府职责7、Funding arts 资助艺术2、 Educational policy 教育政策 8、Healthcare system 医疗福利体系3、 Assisting poor countries 帮助贫困国家 9、Housing shortage 住房问题4、 Measuring a country ' s success 成功国家标准 10、Legal system 司法体系5、 Financially-aiding sports 体育投资 11、Space research 太空研究6、 Developing public transport 发展公共交通 12、Military defense 军事防御 真题重现 Some people think that government should only spend money on the construction of public services rather tha n waste on the arts such as music and painting. To what exte nt do you agree or disagree?15. issue 出版、发行 16. newsstand 报摊 18. chief editor 总编17. free-la ncer writer 自由撰稿人The nu mber of people who watch foreig n films is much more tha n people who watch local films, describ the reasons and should the government provide financial support to the local film in dustries分类词汇加油站1. unemployment ; joblessness 失业2.infrastructure 基础设施3. social security 社会保障4.medical care system 医疗保健5.public transportation 公共交通6.public service 公共服务7.essential sectors 关键行业8.non-essential sectors 非紧要行业9.private sector 私人企业10.general interest 公众利益11.welfare 福利12. f inancial assistanee 经济援助13.shake off\get rid of poverty 摆脱贫穷14.authorities 当局15. c itizens; the citizenry 老百姓16.regulate;administe;oversee 规范，管理17.implement 实施18.legislate; make laws 立法19.strictly prohibit; ban altogether 严禁20. s tri ngent laws/legislatio n 严格的法律21.scruti ny (n.); scruti nize (v.) mon itor (v.) 监督22. ..................................................................................................................................... allocate money to sth;be a patro n of; in vest in; fund; dedicate money to sth. 为.............. 拨款23. b udget (n.)预算24.tax revenue 税收25. the gover nment spe ndin g/expe nditure on sth. 政府开支26. curtail 削减27.augment 增加28.give priority to sth.把当作当务之急29.responsibility; obligation 责任30.arms race 军备竞赛31.self-defense 自卫32. n ational security; homeland security 国土安全33.short-sighted policy 缺乏远见的政策34.expansion (n.) aggression (n.)扩张35.seek\pursue hegemony 谋求霸权36.a vicious circle 恶性循环37.destabilizing factors 地区不稳定因素38.rules and regulations 规章制度39.space race太空竞赛4O.arms (n.) weapons (n.) armaments (n.) 武器 41.1 aid-off workers; downsized workers 下岗工 人 42.power grid 电网43. democratic 民主的 democracy 民主44. 民主与开明的政府 a democratic and progressive gover nmentSome people think that a police force carry ing guns can educate higher level of volie nce.to whatextent do you agree or disagree ？In many cities, planners have separated schools, homes, shops, offices in specific areas which were widely separated from each other. Do you think advantages of this policy overweigh disadva ntages to the city reside nts?分类词汇加油站 1. urbanization 城市化 2. centralization 集中化3.imbalanee 不平衡4.in the long run 从长远角 度而言5.infrastructure 基础设施6.booming 繁荣发展的7. tertiary in dustry 第三产业 9.reve nue 税收 mercializati on 商业化 11.traffic congestion 交通拥挤 12.water scarcity 水短缺 13.theenvironmental pollution环境污染 14.over-industrialization过度 工业化15.over-crowdedness 过度拥挤 16.unemployment 失业17.wealth distribution 财富分配 18.social instability 社会动荡 19.urban construction 城市建生活与城市考试频率：★★★Life and city 生活与城市1、 L ife-altering inventions 发明改变生活2、 Police and guns 警察佩戴枪支3、 Relocation of enterprises 企业搬迁4、 Housing problems 住房问题 10、5、 Protecting people ' s privacy 保护隐私6、Popularity of fast foods 快餐现象 7、Keeping pets in cities 城市养宠物 8、Lifestyle decisions 生活方式9、Money VS. happiness 金钱与幸福 Teen agers VS. adults 青少年与成年人11、Fast-paced modern life 现代快节奏生活 12、City plan 城市布局设20.population explosion 人口激增21.a rising crime rate 犯罪率上升22.drain of energy and resources 能源和资源消耗23.offer more job opportunities 提供更多的就业机会24.a rapid pace of life快节奏生活25.stress-related illnesses 与压力有关的疾病26.high cost of living 高额生活费用27. pastoral life 田园生活28. class polarization 阶级两极分化29.social welfare 社会福利30. give special care to… 给予…特殊关照31.urban sprawl城市扩张32.convenient transportation means 便捷的交通工具33.better medical services 更好的医疗服务34.pressure of modern life in city 城市生活压力35.be vulnerable to … 易于患上…36.melting pot 熔炉37.on the brink of… 处于…边缘38.pollutant污染性物质39.waste disposal废物处理40.put the blame on … 归咎于… 41.be attributable to … 归因为…42.ways of con sumption 消费方式43.suffer heavy losses 遭受重大损失44.citize n 居民45. b e confronted with … 面临着… 46.breed crimes 滋生犯罪47.vicious cycle 恶性循环48. a feasible measure 一种可行的措施49.give priority to … 优先考虑…50.city planners 城市规划工作与职业考试频率：★★★Career and occupation 工作与职业1、Interpersonal skills 人际交流技能7、Changing jobs/careers 跳槽与工作改变2、Stress management 减压8、Part-time positions 兼职工作3、Safty and health hazards 安全及健康危害9、Graduate unemployment 毕业生失业4、Telecommuting 远程办公10、Work vs. family 工作与家庭5、Women at workplace 女性参加工作11、Qualification vs. experienee 资历与经验6、Job satisfaction 工作的满意度12、Working in rural areas 去乡村工作真题重现Some people think that people work ing at home can ben efit the employees a lot, not the employers. To what extent do you agree or disagree ?Nowadays, many people change their jobs frequently, some believe it is good for their developme nt while others hold differe nt opinions. What is your opinion?分类词汇加油站I. the tempo\pace of life has in creased 生活节奏加速 2.social sett ings 社会环境3. religious belief 宗教信仰cational level 教育程度5.a sense of belonging 归属感6.sedentary lifestyle 缺少运动的生活方式7.live a high-pressured and fast-paced lifestyle 高压力和快节奏的生活方式8. n urture a good state of mi nd 养成良好的心态9.block out worries 争取减少忧虑10. b alanee work and family 平衡工作和生活II. a means of self-expression 自我表达的一种方式12.follow blindly 盲目追求13. r oot in daily life 源于生活14.over nourishment 营养过剩15. create alienation between people 人与人之间疏远16.money-worshiping、mercenary、materialistic 过于功利的17.pursue maximum profit 追求最大限度利润18.poverty alleviatio n 扶贫19. j ob opport un ity、employme nt opport unity 就业机会20.promotio n opport unity 提升机会21. s witching jobs、job-hopping 换工作跳槽22.acquire a wide array of skills 发展多种技能ck of self-motivation 缺乏动力24.directionless\aimless 没有目标25.egoism 利己主义\altruism 利他主义26.soothe the soul 平缓情绪27. utilised as a form of propaga nda 用做一种宣传手段28.e nrich cultural life 丰富文化生活29. e nhance the quality of life 提高生活质量30.conform the existing rules 墨守成规31. s atisfied with material comforts 满足于物质32.spiritual needs 精神享受33. achieve a bala nee betwee n work and pleasure 劳逸结合34. time-conscious people 时间观念很强的人35.impoverished、destitute、indigent 贫穷的36.affluent、wealthy、well-off 富裕的37.urban 城市的rural 乡村的38.urbanization 城市化39. t he disparity betwee n the city and the coun tryside城乡差距40. r elocate 搬迁 41.telecommute 在家上班 42.1 eisure 、recreation 、entertainment 休闲、娱乐43」aissez-faire management 宽松的管理44.operating costs 、overhead costs 运营成本 bor pool 劳动力资源46. d epression 抑 有B 症 /insomnia 失眠症 47.population explosion 人 口爆炸 48.gender equality 两性平等49. g e nder discrim in ati on 、sexism 性另 U 歧视 5O.child beari ng 生育孩子 /child rearing 抚养孩子 51.elderly people 、senior citizens 老年人 52.family bonds\ties 家庭成员间的情感纽带真题重现Some people think that international tourism has brought great benefit to the world ' s economy, some others hold that it ruin the culture and the ecosystem. Discuss both and give your opinion. In some cities, the old buildi ngs are replaced by many moder n build in gs. Some people think it brings more disadva ntages. Do you agree or disagree?分类词汇加油站1.tourist attract ions 、 tourist spots 、 places of in terest 旅游景点2. maitain 、protect > preserve(v.)保护3.forefathers 、ancestors 祖先4.descendants 后代5.eth nic min orities 少数民族语言与文化考试频率：★★Language and culture 语言与文化 1、 L anguage and age 语言与年龄 2、 Learning a foreign Ianguage 学习外语 3、 Intern ati on al la nguage 国际语言 4、 Domi nance of En glish 英语的主导地位5、 Assisting artists 资助艺术7、Tourism and culture 旅游与文化8、Pressing local culture 保护本地文化 9、Traditional architecture 传统建筑10、Cultural facilities 文化设施 Culture vs bus in ess 文化与贸易6、Cultural gap 文化差距12、Working overseas 海外工作6. the harmony between ethnic groups/races 民族团结7.cultural diversity 文化融合8.interaction 互相影响9.cultural diversity 文化多元性10.insular/provincial/parochial mentality 狭隘的观念11.deprecate/denigrate/minimize the importanee of 贬低12. push back/expand one ' s vision/ horizons 开阔眼界13. promote cultural com muni cati on 促进文化交流14.draw/attract/appeal to/ be a magnet forsb.吸引15.first-hand experienee 亲身体验sec on d-ha nd experie nce/vicarious experie nee 间接体验16. multi-sensory 多种感官体验的17.conflict 冲突18.discord/dissension 争端19.isolate the tourist from the locals 把游客和当地人隔离20. c ommercialize 商业化21.cultural heritage 文化遗产22. t he Internet will not ren der tourism obsoletes 互联网不会让旅游业过时环境与生态考试频率：★★★★Environment and ecology 环境与生态1、Environmental pollution 环境污染7、Awareness raising 环保意识提高2、Ecotourism 生态旅游8、Tran sport and environment 交通与环境3、Curbing car-using 限制汽车使用9、International cooperation 国际合作(环境)4、Endan gered species 濒临灭绝物种10、Susta in able developme nt 可持续发展5、Throw-away society 浪费型社会11、Agriculture and ecology 农业与生态6、Environmental improvement 环境改善12、Biodiversity 生物多样性真题重现Many people hold that only international cooperation can solve the environmental problems, single person or country can not deal with such big problem. To what extent do you agree or disagree?Some people thi nk it is not n ecessary to in vest money on protecti ng the wild ani mals. Do you agree or disagree?分类词汇加油站I. ecosystem\ecological system 生态系统2.cological balance'equilibrium 生态平衡3. sustainable development 可持续发展4.biodiversity 生物的多样性5.environmentalists\conservationists 环保主义者animal right activists动物权益保护主义者 6.environmentally-friendly (adj.)对环境无害的7.conservation 节约8. recycle\reuse (v.)再利用10.benefit from 从中受益II. e nhan ce\elevate\raise the public aware ness of …增强公众的……意识12. p ut forward valuable suggestio ns 提出宝贵建议13.shortage\scarcity\dearth\lack (n.) 短缺14. participate in the recon structi on of the city 参与城市重建15. raise the en viro nmen tal man ageme nt level 提高环境管理水平16. create a pleasa nt ecological environment 仓U造出一种和谐的生态环境17. g ive priority to 优先关注18.catch much attention 引起很大关注19.deforestation (n.)砍伐森林2O.greenhouse effect 、 global warming 温室效应 21.discharge effluent'sewage 排放污水22. non-biodegradable garbage 、inorganic trash 白色污染产生的垃圾 /bio-degradable plasticbags 可降解一次性塑料袋23. afford their masters con solati on and comfort 给主人 心理安慰24.infertile soil 贫瘠的土壤 25.fertile soil 肥沃的土壤 26.arable land 、farmland 耕地 27. p ollute\c on tam in ate (v.)污染 28.pois ono us'toxic (adj.)有毒的29. c onsume\deplete(v.)消耗(某种资源)e up\exhaust ( v.)用尽(某种资源)31.harsh measures\actions 严厉措施 32. condemn rather than condone sth.谴责而不是纵容bat desertification防治荒漠化34.curb en vir onmen tal polluti on; bring the polluti on un der con trol 治理环境污染 35.i ndustrial solid wastes 工业固体废物anic pollutions 有机污染物 37.environment-friendly agriculture; eco-agriculture 生态农业38. w ater resource conservation zone 水资源保护区 39.establish nature reserve 建立自然保护 区40.endangered wildlife 濒危野生动物 41. medical research 医学研究42.cruel\merciless\inhuman\callous\brutal残忍的 43. vivisection 活体解剖44. ease\alleviate\relieve animals ' pain 减轻动物的痛苦个人与社会考试频率：★★★In dividual and society 个人与社会 7、 Stressful life 压力生活8、 Healthcare and education 医疗与教育9、 Environmental responsibility 环保责任 10、 Disasters and violenee 灾难与暴力 11、 Housing problems 住房问题 Law and order 法律与秩序1、 P ersonal health 个人健康2、 A ge of machine 机器时代3、 Social responsibility 社会责任4、 Money and happ in ess 金钱与幸福5、 Saving for retirement 养老储蓄6、 T eam activities 团队活动 12、真题重现Many people are busy with work and have less time to spe nd with families and frien ds. Why does this happe n? What are the effects of this on family life and society as a whole?Some people say that it is the resp on sibility of in dividuals to save money for their own care after they retire. Do you agree or disagree?分类词汇加油站1. urbanization 城市化2. centralization 集中化3.imbalanee 不平衡4.in the long run 从长远角度而言5.infrastructure基础设施6.booming繁荣发展的7. tertiary in dustry 第三产业9.reve nue 税收mercializati on 商业化ll.traffic congestion 交通拥挤12.water scarcity 水短缺13. t he environmental pollution 环境污染14.over-industrialization 过度工业化15.over-crowdedness 过度拥挤16.unemployment 失业17. w ealth distribution 财富分配18.social instability 社会动荡19.urban construction 城市建设20.population explosion 人口激增21.a rising crime rate 犯罪率上升22. drain of energy and resources 能源和资源消耗23.offer more job opportunities 提供更多的就业机会24.a rapid pace of life快节奏生活25. s tress-related illnesses 与压力有关的疾病26.high cost of living 高额生活费用27. pastoral life 田园生活28. class polarization 阶级两极分化29.social welfare 社会福利30. give special care to… 给予…特殊关照31.urban sprawl城市扩张32.convenient transportation means 便捷的交通工具33.better medical services 更好的医疗服务34.pressure of modern life in city 城市生活压力35.be vulnerable to … 易于患上…36. m elting pot 熔炉37.on the brink of… 处于…边缘38.pollutant污染性物质39.waste disposal废物处理40.put the blame on … 归咎于… 41.be attributable to … 归因为…42. w ays of con sumption 消费方式43.suffer heavy losses 遭受重大损失44.citize n 居民45.be confronted with … 面临着… 46.breed crimes 滋生犯罪47.vicious cycle 恶性循环48.a feasible measure 一种可行的措施 49.give priority to … 优先考虑… 50.city planners 城市规划能源与交通考试频率：★★★Energy and Transportation 能源与交通 1、 Public transport expansion 发展公共交通 7、Food export 食品出口2、 Increasing private cars 私家车增多 8、Space travelling 太空旅游3、Traffic congestion 交通拥堵4、 Road security 道路安全 10、Cheap flight 低价飞行5、 Water scarcity 水源短缺 11、Resource consumption 真题重现In some coun tries, air travel has become a much cheaper form of tran sport tha n in the past. Is this a positive or n egative trend?The number of cars in many large cities is increasing significantly nowadays. What are the problems it may bring? How to solve this problem?分类词汇加油站1.perfect the con struct ion of urba n in frastructure 完善 城市基础设施建设2.impleme nt strict vehicle emissi on sta ndards 制定严 格的汽车排放标准3. reduce waste 减少浪费4.elim in ate poverty and backward ness 消除贫穷落后5.preve nt and con trol polluti on 预防禾口9、Producing pollution 制造污染能源消耗6、Overuse of fuel 燃料过度使用12、International tourism 国际旅游控制污染 6.reinforce the conservation of water and soil 力口强水土保护7. keep ecological balanee 维护生态平衡8. adopt environmen tal protect ion tech nique 环保技术9.stre ngthe n the regulati on and monitoring加强监督和管理10. e nhance the gover nmen tal in trusi on 力口大政府干预性措施11. promote legislative regulations 促进立法管理12.establish and perfect the social security system 建立和完善社会的安全体系13.impose some restrict ions on 对…实施限制14.arouse people' s aware ness of 唤醒人们的…意识15.take some preve ntive (remedial) measures 采取一些预防(补救)措施16.enforce on-the-spot penalties 采取立即惩罚性措施17.take proper guidanee and support 恰当引导和支持18.impose heavier penalty on对…实施严格的惩罚19.set down effective laws制定积极有效的法律20. urban planning 城市规划21. break the ecological bala nee 破坏了生态的平衡22.c on tam in ate the en vir onment 污染环境23. promote the susta in able developme nt of the city 促进城市的可持续性发展24. greenhouse effect 温室效应25.strengthen pollution control 加强污染控制26. popularize environmen tal protect ion kno wledge 普及环保知识27. burning 迫在眉睫的28.environmental degradation 环境恶化29. at the cost of environment 以环境污染为代价30.u neon trolled urba nizati on 城市化失控31. motor vehicle exhaust、car emission 汽车尾气排放32.exhaust purifier 尾气净化器33. u rban refuse 城市垃圾34.protect …from overexploitation 防止过度开发35.conservation of water and soil 水土保持36.1 ead-free gasoline 无铅汽油 37. g as-fueled vehicles 天然气汽车 38.cell-driven vehicles; battery cars 电动汽车39. s low dow n the rate of resource degradati on 降低资源消耗率40. d evelop renewable resources 开 发可再 生资源 29.renewable resources 可再 生资源30. n on-renewable resources 不可再生资源人口与经济考试频率：★★★Population and economy 人口与经济真题重现In some coun tries, gover nments are en couragi ng in dustries and bus in esses to move out of large cities into regional areas. Do you think the advantages of this development outweigh its disadva ntages?The proportion of older people in many countries is steadily increasing. Does this trend have more positive or n egative effects on the society?分类词汇加油站1.saving 储蓄2.investment 投资3.expenditure 支出 花费4.capital 资本资 金资产5. currency 通货通用 市价 7.demand 需求、需求量8. supply 补给、供给、供应品9. purchase 购买10.inflation 通货膨胀 11.monetary 货币的金钱的12.consume 消费消耗 13. d istributio n 分配、分发、配给物14. t axation 课税、征税、税收、税款、估定的税额1、 O verpopulation 人口爆炸2、 Population ageing 人口老龄化3、 Governmental pension 政府养老4、Juvenile delinquency 青少年犯罪 7、Feminism 女权主义8、 In dustrial locati ons 工业选址 9、 Global trade 国际贸易 10、 Economic gaps 经济差距 5、Crimes 犯罪 11、Youth unemployment 年轻人失业6、Agricultural development 农业发展12、Con sumptio n patter ns 消费方式15. e xternality夕卜部因素16. t rademark 商标copyright 版权著作权17.restrict freedom 限制自由18.invade privacy 侵犯隐私19.depression 萧条不景气20.discount 折扣21.financial 财政的金融的mit a crime 犯罪23. break\violate\flout\disobey the law 触犯法律24.offenee、crimes、criminal acts 罪行25. c riminal、offenders、culprit、perpetrator 罪犯26accomplice、accessory 从犯27.resent society、hold a grudge against society 憎恨社会28. t rauma心理创伤29.prison监狱30.impris on\in carcerate some one 监禁31.victims 受害者32. b e brought to justice 被绳之以法33.reform\rehabilitate criminals 改造罪犯w enforcement agencies 执法部门35.heinous'flagitious crime 、f elony 重罪36.petty crime 轻罪37.first-time offenders 初犯者38.hardened offenders 惯犯39.revert to crime 再次犯罪40. hunt down、capture 抓捕41. a bide by the law、comply with the law 遵守法律w-abiding citizens 守法公民43. boost the sense of safety 增强安全意识44.reinforce the police force and in crease patrol 增强警力和巡逻45.miscarriges of justice 执法不公46.deterrent effect 震慑作用47.being closely monitored 受到严格监控48.fear of reprisal 担心报复的心理49. a lert people to the risk of being victimized by crime提高人们对于犯罪的警惕。