新人教版英语九年级1—14 单元知识点Da Wan Middle School of Jing yuan countyMr. ZhangU nit1 How can we become good learners?一，本单元要求学生学会的知识点：2. 学会运用by+doing的结构表达做事的方式，by “通过……方式或途径”，译成“靠、通过”。
By 后面可以加名词或动名词短语。
3.动名词的结构：动词后加ing相当于名词，在句中可以做主语、宾语、表语、定语等。
二，language points (1)1, I study by working with a group.我通过小组活动来学习。
By为介词，用法很多。
请仔细观察下面的例句，分析by的用法，然后补全结论部所缺的内容。
【例句】1). Come and sit by us 2) Peter goes to work by bus every day.3) Tony will come back by 10:00 pm. 4) English is spoken by lots of people5) My brother studies history by working with a group.【结论】1) by 可以表示位置，（1）_____________,如句1 也有“从……旁边（经过）之意”。
2）by 可以表示交通、传递等的方式，如句23）by 可以表示时间，“到（某时）之前，不迟于”，如句34）by 可以用于构成（2）___________ ,“被、由”如句45）by 可以表示方式或手段，（3）“______________”结构在句中做方式状语，“通过……方式（手段）”或“借助……手段”，如句5【运用】根据提示，用含有by 的短语完成句子。
1） Annie went to Beijing ___________(乘火车)yesterday。
2） His grandfather made a living ________________(靠卖水果) in the past.3) The scientists have to arrive at the village____________(八月以前)。
4） Allen goes _________________(经过邮局) on his way to school every morning.5) The book was written ________________(由几个工程师)。
2.What about reading aloud to practice pronunciation.1）词语辨析：aloud loud loudlyAloud : 出声地、大声地。
常与read,call等词连用。
不用于比较级。
e.g Don’t read aloud in thelibrary .loud 大声地、喧闹地。
指说话声和笑声，常与talk/speak/laugh/sing等词连用，常用比较级。
例如： We can’t hear you ,Please speak louder.Loudly 高声地、喧闹地。
可以与loud互换，含有吵闹的意思2） What about /How about……？后跟名词、代词或动词ing用于征求意见。
3. It’s too hard to understand spoken English.句中的it是形式主语，不定式短语to understand spoken English 是真正的主语。
该句的句型为：It’s +too +adj+(for sb.)+ to do sth.意思是：（对某人来说）做某事是太……的。
如;: It’s too important to keep healthly.It’s difficult for him to learn two languages.【链接】Too …...to…结构常表示“太……而不能……”，too后面接形容词或副词，to 后面接动词原型。
如：The room is too dirty to live in .He walks too slowly to get there on time.【运用】将下列句子翻译成英语。
1）孩子们在那条河里游泳是危险的。
2）晚饭后散步太有必要了。
3）水太烫，不能喝。
【EXERCISES】1. Choose the best answer.1) He goes to school _______ bike. A. by B. on C. in D. at2) ---- How do you study English so well ?----- By ______ lots of booksA. readB. lookC. watchingD. reading.2. Compete the following sentences.1) 大声朗读来练习发音怎么样？What about____________ to practice pronunciation ?2) 她通过读课本来学习英语。
She studies English ____________the textbook.3)She improves her English _______________________(通过加入英语俱乐部)3. 翻译1）老师要求我大声朗读课文。
2) 不要这么大声，婴儿在睡觉。
3）我爸爸经常开车去上班。
【Writing】How do you study English?The Second PeriodLanguage points(2)1. Why did Wei Fen find it difficult to learn English?Find it difficult /hard to do sth. 发现做某事很困难。
【 Find用法归纳】Find sb doing sth. 发现某人做某事Find it +adj+ to do sth 发现做某事很……Find it +adj+ to do sth 中的it 是形式宾语，adj做宾补，to do sth 是真正的宾语，同类的词还有 think ,feel consider等【活学活用】1） I found it ____________(interest) to talk with my grandfather2) I found it hard for me ________(improve) spoken English.2. But I was afraid to ask question because of my poor pronunciation .Be afraid to do sth. 害怕去做某事。
【Afraid 用法归纳】be afraid of sth/ doing sth . 害怕做某事（担心出现某种不良后果）be afraid to do sth. 害怕去做某事，（“怕”或“不敢”去做某事）be afraid that 恐怕……（礼貌地说出令人不快、失望或感到遗憾的事）【活学活用】1）Tine is so shy that she is afraid of _______in front of a group.A. to speakB. speakC. speakingD. spoke3.Then one day I watched an English movies called Toy Story.Called=named 叫做……【 Call的用法归纳】Call sb=telephone sb=phone sb.=give sb.a call.=ring sb.Call on sb 拜访某人4.I discovered that listening to something interesting is the secret to languagelearning.本句是一个复合句，that引导宾语从句。
在宾语从句中listening to something interesting 是动名词短语作主语，所以谓语动词用单数形式。
例如： Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.Something interesting 意为“有趣的事情”形容词修饰不定代词是要置后，（后置定语）。
例如： Ihave something important to tell you .Discover 发现（指偶然或经过努力发现来源于客观存在但不为人所知的事物）5. but because I wanted to understand the story , I looked them up in a dictionary.Look up (通过词典、电脑)查阅、抬头看。
【 Look用法归纳】Look after 照顾look like 看起来像 look out 当心、小心look through 浏览 Look for 寻找look forward to 期待look around 向四周看 look over 检查 Have a look看一看【词组归纳】发现做某事很难 find it difficult to do sth语言学习的秘密 the secret to language learning害怕做某事 be afraid to do sth爱上fell in love with肢体语言 body language脸上的表情 the expressions on the faces关键字 key words对……感兴趣 be interested in ….在词典里查找单词 look them up in a dictionaryThe third periodLanguage points(3)Grammar一动名词定义：它是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非谓语动词形式。
基本形式： V+ing作用：动名词具有名词的性质，在句中可以做主语、宾语、表语、定语等动名词的基本用法：1.用作主语。
所表示的动作比较抽象，或者泛指习惯性地动作。
例如： Playing with fire is dangerous.注意：动名词做主语，有时先用it做形式主语，把动名词置于句尾。
这种用法在习惯句型中常用。
1)It is no use /good / useless+doing…2)It’s a waste of time+doing….3)It’s fun+doing….在以上结构中常用动名词作主语。