语言习得：通常指在自然的语言环境中，通过旨 在沟通意义的言语交际活动，不自觉地，自然地 掌握或获得第一语言。典型的例子是儿童习得第 一语言。
语言学习：通常指在学校环境下，有专门的教师 指导，严格按照教学大纲和课本，通过讲解，练 习，记忆等活动，有计划，有系统，有意识地对 语言规则的掌握。典型的例子是成人在学校学习 第二语言。
example: Mathematics？
the subject "Mathematics" is learned, not acquired.
Three main theories of child language acquisition
the behaviorist view 行为主义理论 the innatist view 语法积极天生主义理论 the interactionist view 互动主义理论
Discussion!!
How do children accomplish this? What enable children to learn words and string them
together into meaningful sentence? What facilitate children to develop the grammatical
Sometimes children are very much in charge of the conversation and activities with adults, children seem to pick out patterns and generalize them to new contexts. They create new forms or new uses of words, until they finally figure out how the forms are used by adults.
learning
acquisition
intentional process
Unconscious process
Presupposes teaching Teacher controls pace
Does not presuppose teaching
Child controls pace
uses grammatical rules uses grammatical "feel"
Chapter 10 Language acquisition
名字。。。。。。
Definition:
Language acquisition----refers to the child’s acquisition of his mother tongue, i.e. how the child comes to understand and speak the language of his community.
system of their language? What help them to achieve the communicative
competence using the language to express their various needs?
differences between the term of acquisition and learning
it refers to first language not second language acquision
Children all over the world learn to speak at about the same time unless they suffer from extreme external deficiency.
Behaviorist view
Innatist view
Three main different theories concerning how
language isຫໍສະໝຸດ learnedthe behaviorist（行为主义论）
proposed by
B.F.Skinners(斯金纳)
Traditional behaviorists view language as behavior and believe that language learning is simply a matter of imitation and habit formation.
advantages
although the behaviorist view is under challenge and criticism because of its inadequacy, but it seems to be reasonable in some degree. for example, children's learning of a language needs immitation and reinforcememt; it's necessary to form certain habit in order to master a language.
the focus of their debate is whether the innate ability or the language environment plays a crucial
role in the process of a child's language acquisition.
Imitation Recognition Reinforcement
(gradually, habit-forming)
A behaviorist view of language acquisition
Children do not imitate adults’ speech in much the same way as parrots do, they imitate words selectively and according to their own understanding of the words or patterns, which is based on what the children have already known instead of what is “available” in the environment.