The research of the vision of love in NotreDame de ParisWritten by Yu He chuanSupervised by lecturer Zhang NiA Thesis Submitted toLanzhou University of Technologyin Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements forthe Degree of Bachelor of Artsin English EducationForeign Languages College, Lanzhou University of TechnologyJune2013CONTENTSAbstract (II)摘要 (II)1 Introduction (1)1.1 The Writing background of Notre Dame DE Paris (1)1.2 The Writing background of Notre Dame DE Paris (1)1.3 The main content of the novel (2)2 Different kinds of love in Notre Dame DE Paris and the c omment on Esmeralda’s vision of love (2)2.1 Different kinds of love in Notre Dame DE Paris (2)2.1.1 The cowardly love (2)2.1.2 The selfish and superficial love (3)2.1.3 The extreme and abnormal love (4)2.1.4The menial love (5)2.5 The pitiful and painful love (5)2.2 The Comment on Esmeralda’s character and vision of love (7)2.2.1 Esmeralda’s ignoran ce and humbleness (7)2.2.2 Superficial love (9)3 Conclusion (10)Bibliography (11)Acknowledgements (12)ABSTRACTThe famous French writer, Victor Hugo, had created four characters in the novel "Notre Dame DE Paris , and each character has a different nature and vison of love. The hypocrite pursuing money 、position and beauty was Phoebus .Pierre Grangoi who just was an sorehead poet pursues his love based on a Sham marriage .Quasimodo was the bell ringer having good heart and pursuing love.There were also a suffragan Claude who was distorted humanity by religious and lost his love. They loved one person Gypsy Esmeralda who pursue her pure love .This paper would compare the four person’s characters and the vis ion of love.Then,it would analyse Gypsy Esmeralda’s choose and the attitu de towards the four kinds of love. Finally,we analyse the leading lady Esmeralda’s value of love through the analysis of the four person.Key words: Notre Dame DE Paris pursue love摘要法国著名作家维克多·雨果在小说《巴黎圣母院》中塑造了众多的人物形象，而这些形象对爱情所持的态度各不相同。

有对金钱、地位、美貌追逐的伪君子孚比斯；图有婚姻躯壳的落魄诗人格兰古瓦；有美好心灵与追求爱的升华的撞钟人卡西莫多；被禁欲扭曲了人性导致爱情破灭的副主教克洛德。

他们都爱上了追求自己纯洁爱情的艾斯米拉达；本文通过对比这四个人物的性格特点与爱情观,然后分析艾斯米拉达对爱的选择和对四种不同爱的态度。

最后通过以上分析的整合来分析女主角的爱情观。

关键词：巴黎圣母院、追求、爱情观1. Introduction1.1The the brief introduction of Victor HugoVictor Hugo (l802~1885) was the leader of the French Romantic school. He is one of literary history's greatest writers in France. His life spanned almost the entire 19th century and his literary career has always kept enduring creativity since 60 years ago. His romantic novels permanently attracted readers due to impressive and powerful storyline. Hugo was born in 1802 in southern France. His grandfather was a carpenter, and his father was an officer of the republic army who had been granted military ranks by the king of Spain, Joseph, who is Napoleon's brother, and his father also was trusted ministers of the King. Hugo was very bright and intelligent at 9-year-old and began to write poetry. At 15-year-old ,he wrote the Joy of Reading which was awarded by his school. And he won the first place in the race of writing poem at his seventeen years old. At the age of 20, he published collection of poems. In 1827, Victor Hugo published the scripts Cromwell and the preamble. Although the script was failed to perform, but it was considered as a French romantic Declaration, becoming a landmark document in literary history. It played a great role in the development of the French romantic literature. In 1830, Hugo’s scripts "that Kennedy Europe" gave a public performance at the French Academy of Theatre, and had a great influence. It established a dominant position in French Romantic literary. In July 1830, France had July Revolution, the revival of the feudal monarchy was destroyed. Hugo warmly praised the revolution and the revolutionaries, and wrote poems to condole those heroes who died in the revolution. In 1831 Victor Hugo's Notre Dame de Paris is the most romantic novels. This novel is dramatic and legendary.1.2 The Writing background of Notre Dame de ParisThe novel Notre Dame de Paris was an art which had reproduced the realhistory that happened more than 400 years ago during the reign of King Louis Jus. It described how the palace and the Church court oppressed the masses of the person, how the person struggled bravely with the two forces. The rebellious gypsy girl Esmeralda and the person with ugly facetykds Quasimodo as the real of the embodiment of beauty showing in front of the reader, however, we only saw the cruel empty heart and the evil passions from suffragan Claude and noble soldiers Phoebus. The authors combined the vivid story and the rich dramatic scenes together organically, so that the novel was highly readable.1.3 The main content of the novelNotre Dame de Paris was published by Victoria Hugo in 1831 which was his historical and first large-scale romantic novel. It told a story by strange and contrast skills about the 15th century of France. In "Fool's Day", vagrant gypsy performers dance in the square, there was a gypsy girl called Esmeralda attracting passers-by, who looked beautiful and her dance was also very beautiful.At this time, the Notre Dame de Paris archdeacon Claude Frollo suddenly was obsessed with the beautiful Esmeralda , he was burning the fire of lust and madly fell in love with her. Then he ordered the church bell ringer Quasimodo who looks odd ugly to steal Esmeralda . As a results ,the king of France captain Phoebus saved Esmeralda and catch Quasimodo. He put the man to the square to flog him .the gypsy girl not only forgave him but gave him some water to drink.The Bell ringer’s heart was pure though he had a ugly appearance, he was very grateful for Esmeralda’s help, and fell in love with her. The naive Esmeralda fell in love with Phoebus at first sight. When they had a date, Frollo following them silently behind out of jealousy, he stabs Phoebus with the sword and escape. Esmeralda had been sentenced death for murder .Quasimodo took Esmeralda out from the gallows hiding her in the Notre Dame de Paris. Claude Frollo took advantage of the occasion to threatthe gypsy girl to meet his lust.When rejected, he gave her to the king's army, and the innocent girl was hanged.Quasimodo pushed Claude down the church angrily , then he held Esmeralda's body and dead.2.All kinds of love in Notre Dame DE Paris and the Comment on Esmeralda’s vision of love2.1 All kinds of love in Notre Dame DE Paris2.1.1 The cowardly lovePierre Grangoi was a poet who can not rely on writing poetry to feed himself in today society.However,the poet also can not write to feed themselves in Paris two hundred years ago, so he had to stay in the kingdom of beggars crowd to survive. Unfortunately, a poet even can not pass the beggar's skill test, as a result, Pierre Grangoi was not qualified as a beggar and sent to the gallows.However scholars had known their limitations, when he was refused by the person he loved, immediately he chose to give up,because he felt ashamed. When Quasimodo ordered Esmeralda, he did not have the courage to save her, yet his own life was saved relying on Esmeralda’s mercy. Facing with such a woman, he did not expect anything as love if only there was a little self-esteem. So after their marriage, he would like to act as a replacement husband, and went out with Esmeralda to busk dance in the street every day. Though this kind of marriage could not get love what he want, but there was a marriage to survive at least. If Pierre Grangoi had ever loved Esmeralda, so we can only think the reason that she gave him the means to get the house and bread. On his opinion ,food、house and a nominal marriage are enough for him in life. He didn’t knows about Esmeralda at all. So, there is not love at all. Claude is the direct murderer to kill Esmeralda,but the real reason of Esmeralda’s death is Grangoi’s weak.2.1.2 The selfish and superficial lovePhoebus was the captain of the Royal Guard ,a man with handsome strikingappearance, and circulated at the upper class every day. He was the ideal prince, charming in the eyes of the rich lady. Bright Phoebus was very good at using his resources, he chose the cousin Lily with rich dowry as his fiancee, at the same time he chased Esmeralda for her beauty. The vileness of Phoebus was that he only love Esmeralda’s beauty, not cared Esmeralda’s life. Esmeralda was sentenced to death due to murder Phoebus , but Phoebus did not pick the real murder to save her when he wakes up in the hospital after escaping in order not to exposed his scandal.If Pierre’s love is weak , Phoebus’love is selfish and superficial.He excelled in coaxing rich girl depending on his beautiful appearance to cajole rich girls,and often said the same sweet words and vows of eternal love for them. He had a handsome appearance but his heart was evil. Alcohol abuse and saying crude words are his hobby. He is proud of sleeping around and playing with women. We only see a kind of image of beautiful man that a foul soul hides under the beautiful body.2.1.3 The extreme and abnormal loveIf Phoebus was hypocrite we consider of in our life, Claude was devil of love we consider of. At the age of thirty-six, Claude Frollo was the deputy leader of the church.He grew up in church schools and accepted church education.After decades years efforts, he climbed up the powerful position finally. But the inhuman church discipline could not eliminate his heart's desire, and such instinctive desire in the extreme oppression had become more intense and crazy. When his love for Esmeralda broke the religion’s long-suppressed, his instinctive desire which is like a volcano erupting,becoming uncontrollable.We could not deny Claude's love for the reason that Esmeralda was wholehearted、enthusiastic and irreplaceable, and he was even willing to give up everything together with his belief of decades for Esmeralda’s love. But his love was extreme selfish, his views on love is as follow "if I can't have, and I will destroyher!" So he instructed his son Quasimodo to rob Esmeralda in the middle night, after failing, he assassinated his rival Phoebus further, and put the blame on Esmeralda. When Esmeralda was taken to Notre Dame de Paris to take refuge,then he used his power to make Esmeralda lose the protection of Notre Dame de Paris.He threated her with a death forcing Esmeralda to accept his love. In ordinary life,some person liked Claude Frollo begot hatred due to love or begets enmity because of love ,becoming human tragedy , because of Claude’s extreme selfishness.He only wanted to satisfy their own meet, not considering other person’s willing and he never understand love.Claude’s love is cra zy and extreme. Every time he shows his love to Esmeralda with most classical words. He can give up his belief and power,even everything of him for that girl.He wants to give her the prefect love .His love is the biggest challenge towards religious asceticism.At the same time,his love also is extremely selfish and narrow.And his desire becomes very strong because of long time sexual repression.So Claude’s love is extreme and abnormal.2.1.4The menial loveIf Pierre Grangoi’s marriage without love was unhappy, relatively speaking,Quasimodo was miserable. Quasimodo had extreme bad own conditions, but he had high sights towards love. Archdeacon Claude Frollo adopted Quasimodo who was a abandoned baby because he was a deformed child.He never enjoyed the warmth of family,Since he grew up in church from childhood,After growing up, he continued staying in the church to ring bells, so he loved only two person, one was the auxiliary Claude, another was the no life church bell. However, when beautiful Esmeralda appeared, she awoke his desire for love. However, this awakening desire did not bring any happiness, but made him feel more deeply mental pain due to the physiological defects.Facing with Esmeralda's beauty, he wasso humble and pain,and he was eager to close Esmeralda, but he was afraid of that his ugliness would make Esmeralda uncomfortable and scared. Quasimodo did not expect anything from Esmeralda, as long as he can stay in her side. However, even such a hope was also taken by his stepfather. Desperate Quasimodo killed his adoptive father archdeacon Claude angrily, and killed himself finally. he hugged Esmeralda's body went into another world.Quasimodo falls in love with Esmeralda wildly because of her kindness and beauty.He chooses the most simple and honest way to treat Esmeralda,and love her with the most selfless and humble heart.He even pays with his life to protect her.Quasimodo is putting all his life and enthusiasm on Esmeralda.He would like to go through fire and water for her,and sacrifice himself all for her happiness.This kind of love is selfless without hankering to get something in return. It is the true love.2.1.5 The pitiful and painful loveFirst of all, Esmeralda lived in street and grew up with gypsy.She always did good things for others and shoot square with each other. Her nature contained passionate、 naive 、bluffness and optimistic. In her world ,person should sympathize and help each other. It was the quality which made her be loved and respected by Quasimodo 、beggars country tours and other person. Esmeralda was a female who was full of loving compassion, and she was a kind girl with the spirit of kindheartedness which was the heart of spiritual beauty. Secondly, Esmeralda was not only kindness and has courage to risk her life for another, but also she was girl with a iron hand in a velvet glove , That was to say she was faithful and unyielding on another side.In front of Claude's despotic power, she would like to die rather than submit. What’s more, Esmeralda was a pure and dedicated person. A young girl had a pure and persistence character who was lovely. Her love was unconditional and no utilitarian.She loved himnot for her own interests , only to love him due to love him. Her love was so noble and holy .This pure and beautiful heart was so extraordinary in our life.Esmeralda was a sixteen years old beautiful girl who was good at singing and dancing. She was stolen by the Gypsies from her family since she was very young ,and she grew up in the street to perform artists to feed herself. So he was not accepted the hierarchical high society at that time. When she was robbed in the middle of night, the hero handsome Royal Guard Captain Phoebus saved her, she fell in love with him at first sight, and he was also captured by her beauty. Like all heroine in novels,Esmeralda was flinging caution to fall in love with each other as long as meet her real one.Regardless of whether the person really love her and what the result was.Even she knew this love can be no results and he was not really love her, but she still devoted her life to love and believed their love.She though all things is perfect and always lived in her illusion.Esmeralda not only had the pink of perfection of the body, but also there was a noble and pure good heart. When the poet Pierre would be hanged by the beggar Kingdom , she did not hesitate to marry him to save the poet in the critical moment. The poet was shocked by her beauty and nobility ,and involuntarily fell in love with her immediately. And he hoped to become her nominal husband. But Esmeralda calmly refused him for her idol in the heart, and say: "I can only love the man. who can protect me" .And told him, she married him just to save his life, so he could only maintain the relationship of nominal husband .When archdeacon Claude forced Esmeralda to accept his love by various despicable means, Esmeralda refused to submit even death. In prison in order to get Esmeralda’s love, Claude cheated her that her lover Phoebus had been killed, and let she should not have any illusions. He could saveher out of the death penalty as long as she accept his love. Esmeralda replied "if he is dead, why you still advised me to live?" Claude told Esmeralda make a choice before the gallows finally, although Esmeralda already knew her Phoebus was still alive in that time, and she found her own mother who lost more than fifteen years . She wanted to live, but facing Claude's courtship, she only say: "I am disgusted with you rather than the gallows."In the novel, the incarnation of ugly Quasimodo first appeared in front of Esmeralda as Esmeralda’s persecutor .He was ordered to rob Esmeralda in the middle of night. When Quasimodo was arrested by royal guards after failure.When he was tied in the of shame pillar in the sun to be lashed in public, he longed for the crowd give him some water but no one care him. Esmeralda not only forgot his guilt in the past but also bravely gave him water to drink in eyes of the person.Esmeralda was the angel in that time. Misshapen appearance was always the big gap between him and Esmeralda which never be able to cross .Author let they across the gap at the end of the novel by the manner of death finally , It may be the only feasible method.2.2 The Comment on Esmeralda’s character and vision of love2.2.1 Esmeralda’s ignorant and humbleEsmeralda is ignorant.Objectively, she choses her love based on intuit and utility.In the works, because she more than once tells others that she can only love one who can protect her. She often dreams a officer who can save her life . In the "Kanawha window" section, Esmeralda tells Phoebus "you saves me and you are pleasant and beautiful , I have dreamed of you before I knew you .My Phoebus,you are wearing beautiful uniforms in the dream, the man in the dream also has a pair of a sword with elegant appearance". However, on her objective selection, appearance is more important than whether he has an ability to protect her.Because from theactual side of works, the powerful person Claude is the real person who can really protect her ,he has the right to save her when she is hung in the gallows and the person who has really protected her is Quasimodo who takes her down from the gallows. But, she not spares a glance for the two person. Compared with the above two, Phoebus saved her once while Quasimodo robbed her in the street. But when she was really in danger, Phoebus never expressed his concern for her. Therefore, protecting her just is one of the conditions when she chooses her lover, and the appearance is the real value of her choice of orientation. Esmeralda enters into the love misunderstanding. About this, Claude and Quasimodo discovered long ago and tell her in different way. Claude ever told her clearly when he watched her in the prison that her love was an officer's uniform, and she wasted her love and beauty in a stupid exaggerated person.Esmeralda is humble. A real love relationship should be based on the equal with the premise of loving each other. In the novel their relationship has always been a person and God, or the relationship between slave and master. The most tragic is this relationship created by Esmeralda herself consciously or unconsciously. In wedding night, when she heard the word "Phoebus" meaning the sun, the name of God, she constantly repeated two words, a God, with meditational and enthusiastic voice. From this description, we can see that she now has accepted the symbolic meaning of the word "Phoebus". If she makes a fetish of Phoebus at the sight of him, she not only took him as God, but also took him as his master when she was together with him. This consciousness in the section of "Kanawha window" is fully reflected. In this section, when her marriage proposals was refused by Forbes, she immediately felt ashamed of herself and replied "well, we don't have to get married, what am I?I am a poor girl growing up in the drain , but you? My Phoebus, you are in the upper class . How can a dancing girl and an officer get married,I am crazy. No, Phoebus, no, I want to be your mistress and your plaything which is just for you to pursue pleasure. As long as you are willing, I am your girl and I am ju st living for that. I don’t care other person. As long as you love me, I will become the most happiest woman. When I become old and ugly and I am not worthy of your love again,please allow me to serve you. At that time I only want to polish your Spurs, brush armor and clean boots. Ah! Phoebus, I am totally belong to you ". From her words we can see that Esmeralda’s self-esteem in front of Pierre Grangoi and the spirit of resistance in front of Claude all come into nothing to Phoebus. The most ignorant and stupid is that she puts Phoebus’possession of her and love together. She will feel being loved as long as Phoebus are willing to love her.Once she is old and ugly who can no longer attract Phoebus, she feels unworthy to get love and also wanted to stay at beside of Phoebus as maid and slaves. She consciously plays a role of slave and servant and treats the other party as her master. It expresses that she is menial in front of love.In the beginning of the novel, Esmeralda is a beautiful、enthusiasm and good quality girl. This is one aspect of her character. But she was deeply absorbed in love,which show her character weakness of ignorance and mediocre narrow. Similarly, Esmeralda is a ordinary person not a God who is also not prefect.2.2.2 Superficial loveThrough the above analysis,Obviously,Esmeralda’s love is Superficial. Esmeralda has different attitude towards the four person. Frist, I want to talk about the mischief-makers-the woman Esmeralda. She is the source of all the love in the book. I don't want to say how faithful she is, but I can see that she loves Phoebus because he is young and handsome with ability to please pretty girls. And he is noble (but not much money)with high social status, sometimes even show some heroism. It is a man thatwomen will always love him no matter what time or era. She doesn't love Pierre Grangoi because he is poor and weak. She doesn't love Claude Frollo because he is old with little refinement. She doesn't love Quasimodo anyway because he is ugly and has only bare special skill. She is beautiful not a saint. She is just like the general woman choosing the showy and hypocritical Phoebus. Her love is not really chaste. She said "Wouldn't it be nice if only Quasimodo’s heart beating in Phoebus’ body !" This is the real love in her heart. Esmeralda also is not wrong, the real wrong thing called love. What is love? It is too realistic、too specific and too cold.Imagining if Quasimodo saves her at the street at that time, may she falls in love with Quasimodo like Phoebus? I think she absolutely can’t love Quasimodo.Is appearance really so important for love? Maybe your desire in your heart drive your mind to make that choice. It is that desire or childish thinking make a miserable life for her. She may not consider what she really want and what is her life goal.3、ConclusionThis paper mainly analyse the love between the leading lady and the four man. Then it analyse the leading lady’s character and love. We can get as follow, Pierre Grangoi’s love is cowardly, Phoebus’ love is selfish and superficial, Claude’s love is extreme and abnormal, Quasimodo’s love is menial. From this four person’s love, we get that Esmeralda is ignorant and humble and Esmeralda’s love is superficial. Though love is beautiful, there are still exist some discordant things. Victor Hugo express his four kinds of ambivalent emotion. It tells us the real inward world in everyone’s h eart. Love is the best thing in the world. But it exist in our heart by the most contradictory way. In love,everyone can escape this kind of molestation. We must have enough courage to pass this test and grow up. What is the correct love value? Maybe there is no real right love value, we only need to feed our own meet.Bibliography[1]．Notre—Dame de Paris．CRANIER·FLAMMATl0N，Paris．1967．[2]．Notre-Dame de Paris.GRANIER·FLAMMATION,1967[3] 雨果.巴黎圣母院[M].:译文,1990.[4] 雨果.柳鸣九译.雨果论文学[M].:译文,1980.[5] 泽厚.泽厚美学哲学文选[C].:人民.[6] 柳鸣九.雨果创作评论集[M].:漓江,1983.[7]雨果论文学之《克伦威尔》序言[M]．：译文，1980[8]柳鸣九．雨果创作评论集[M]．：漓江，1983．[9]维克多·雨果．巴黎圣母院[M]．：译林，1995．[10]瓦西列夫．情爱论[M].：当代文学世界，2003．[11]欧仁·评《巴黎圣母院》, 转录自《雨果夫人回忆录》[M] 366-368.[12]雨果《巴黎圣母院》[Z], 敬容译, 人民, 1980 年版 616-617[13] 雨果《巴黎圣母院》[Z],冰译，人民，2001，2版 32-69.[14] 雨果《巴黎圣母院》[Z], 敬容译, 人民, 1980 年版 486-489[15]雨果《巴黎圣母院》[Z], 敬容译, 人民, 1980 年版 613-614AcknowledgementsFrist,I want to express my gratitude to my teacher for her guidance.She helps me a lot during my writing. In the process of writing,I learn much new knowledge.I have a deep understand od this novel Notre Dame de Paris.I also know a lot about the value of the lave.I should real more this kind of novel.Finally,I want to say thanks to my teacher again.。