二、冠词冠词有不定冠词(a, an )和定冠词(the)两种, 常放在名词的前面, 用来限定名词的意义, 起泛指或特指的作用。

(一) 不定冠词的用法：不定冠词a / an用在单数名词的前面，a用在辅音开头的词前面，an用在元音开头的词的前面。

1) 用于可数名词的单数形式前，指人或事物的某一种类，以区别于其他种类，例如：A elephant is much stronger than a man.(大象比人强壮多了。

)(不能译为：一头大象比一个人强壮。

)She is a girl.Pass me an apple, please.2) 指某人或某物, 但不具体说明何人或何物（非特指），例如：A boy is waiting for youWe work six days a week.There is a dog lying on the ground.3) 表示“一”这个数量, 但数的概念没有one强烈，例如:We are going to have an English lesson tomorrow.I have a mouth, a nose, two eyes and two ears.4) 用于某些固定的词组中.例如:a bit(一点), a little(一点), a few(几个), a lot (许多), a kind of(一种), a pair of(一副、一双),a number of(大量的), a piece of (一张、一片), half an hour(半小时), have a good time(玩得开心),have a cold(感冒), make a noise(发出嘈杂声), have/take a (rest等)(休息)一会儿,等等。

5) 用于quite a(an), many a(an), half a(an), what a(an), such a(an)many a/an +单数名词=many +复数名词many a student=many students "许多学生", 但是"many a/an +单数名词"作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式.【注】: 用a还是an, 要看后面的词读音以辅音开头还是以元音开头. 特别注意“数字”和“字母”，如：数字8 — eight，18 — eighteen，80 --- eighty（包括80多、800多），11--- eleven 字母a, e, f, h, i, l, m, n, o, r, s, xA a [ei], E e [i:], F f [ef], H h [eit∫], I i [ai], L l [el], M m [em], N n [en], O o [əu], R r [ɑ:],S s [es], X x [eks]B b [bi:],C c [si:],D d [di:], G g [dʒi:], J j [dʒei] K, k [kei], P p [pi:], Q q [kju:], T t [ti:],U u [ju:], V v [vi:], W w [′dʌblju:], Y y [wai], Z z [zi:][zed]特别需要注意的词：English，idea，orange，umbrella，old，art……hour，……university，useful，uniform，……(二) 定冠词的用法：定冠词the用在可数名词的单数或复数或不可数的名词前面。

1) 特指某(些)人或某(些)物，例如：the photo of the boyThe man with a flower in his hand is Jack..(手上拿着一朵花的男人是杰克)2) 指双方都知道的人或物.例如:-- Where are the new books, Jim? -- They are on the small table.Look at the blackboard, Lily. (莉莉, 请看黑板。

)3) 指上文提过的人或物，例如：Today he is making a machine.He wants to ride the machine like a bike and fly it like a plane.There is a man under the tree. The man is called Robert.(树下有个人, 那个人叫罗伯特。

)4) 用在世界上独一无二的事物前, 例如：The sun is bigger than the moon.The earth turns around the sun.(地球绕太阳旋转。

)5) 用在序数词或形容词最高级前.例如：【注意】：副词最高级前不加，序数词前有形物代时不加The first truck is carrying a few baskets.The third one is carrying the fewest of all.Who is the first one to go? (谁第一个去？)Of all the stars, the sun is the nearest to the earth.(在所有的恒星之中太阳离地球最近)6) 用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前, 例如:the Great Wallthe Spring Festivalthe United States of America7) 用在江河、海洋、山脉等名称的前面。

例如：I have never been to the Himalaya Mountains. (我从来没有去过喜马拉雅山)8) 用在乐器前面（西洋乐器），例如：play the violin, play the guitar, play the piano9) 用与形容词和分词前表示一类人，表复数（加复数谓语），例如：the old, the young, the poor, the rich10) 表示“一家人”，谓语的单复数用法与family类似，例如：the Greens, the Zhangs11) 用于方位名词、身体部位名词前，例如：in the east，on the shoulder12) 在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的每个年代，例如：in the 1990’s（二十世纪九十年代）13) 用在一些习惯用语中, 例如:in the morning (afternoon, evening),on the left (right)at the end of / in the end(最后)by the way(顺便说一下)on the way(在路上)the sameall the time(一直)the whole time(三) 不用冠词的情况1）在专有名词前和不可数名词前（第一次使用）。

例如：China, Grade Two, Bill Smith, milkChina is a very large country.(中国是个大国)Man needs air and water.(人类需要空气和水)2）名词前已有指示、物主或不定代词作定语时，如this, that, my, your, some, any, another等。

例如：My pen is much more expensive than yours.(我的钢笔比你的昂贵多了)The letter is in her pocket.I think the shop is closed at this time of day.3）复数名词表示一类人或事物时（泛指）。

例如：My father and mother are teachers.Men are cleverer than monkeys.(人比猴子聪明)I like cakes.4）在星期、月份、季节、节日、三餐、球类、棋类、语言、学科的名称前。

例如：It is Sunday (Monday, Tuesday, etc.)Today is Mid-Autumn Day.It is cold in winter.He went to school after breakfast.Can you play basketball?We have breakfast at home and lunch at school.(我们在家吃早饭,在校吃午饭)The children play football on Saturday afternoons.(孩子们星期六下午踢足球)5）在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前。

例如：Uncle Wang likes making things.What colour are Mrs Green’s shoes?6）与by连用表示交通工具的名词前，例如：on footby train, by air, by bus, by bike, by plane, by ship, by coach, by sea7）以and连接的连个相对的名词并用时，例如：knife and fork, day and night, husband and wife【注意】：在某些固定词组中，如：at home, go to school, go to bed, in bed, in hospital, in class, after class, at noon等的名词前不用冠词。

(1)at / to / from / out of / after / for school;(2)in / to / for / after class(3)in / to / out of / into bed(4)after / at/ from / out of / to work(5)at / from home(6)at night/noon/midnight(7)go to school/bed(8)on top of(9)in front of(10)o n show/display/duty/watch(11)i n / out of hospital(12)a t all(13)o n/in time(14)a t first/last/once(15)i n Chinese/English(16)t ake care of8）在有些词组中，有冠词和无冠词意思不同，请注意区别：in front of 在…前面in the hospital 在医院里in the front of 在…范围内的前部in hospital (生病)住院go to bed / go to the bedgo to school / go to the school【冠词练习】：1. There's _________800-metre-long road behind _________hospital.A. an,anB. a, aC. an, theD. a, the【例题解析】：1. _______ milk is food. ________ milk in this cup has gone bad.2. ---Do you like playing _________ football?---Yes. But I have only _________ basketball.3. Do you know _______girl on ________another side of ________ lake?4. There’s ________ “u” and ________ “s” in ________wor d “use”.5. She says ________animals cant’s live without __________air, either.6. His father, who is ________honest man, is teaching in ________ university.7. Which is heavier, ________elephant or ________ horse?8. ________ cold wind was blowing from the north.9. He is always ready to help _________ old and ________ young.10. ________ Greens are traveling in _________ South China.11. Although ______most of us like to drink beer, those who drink ________most are _______least healthy.12. Xiaomei saw _________ interesting film last night. ________ film was about _________ kind doctor.13. You can have _________ second try if you fail _______ first time.14. Tom went to ____school as usual, but he didn’t know his father went to ____school for a parent meeting.15. ________ knowledge begins with _________ practice.练习与巩固：一、在空白处填入a / an 或the。