Linguistic Features of EST & the Translation
∵ Science --- precision & the absence of ambiguity ∴ The language of science --- precise & unambiguous Coherence, Clarity & Fluency (连贯、 明晰、畅达) Translated versions : objective, accurate & well-knit

Principles for Translation
Faithfulness (contents--- meaning) Coherence (form---style) Various Translation Practices Various Translation Standards Involved Due to Different Texts and Purposes
Requirements

考试方式及成绩评定 教学方式：课堂讲授、分析研讨、课后练习。 考核方式：平时综合表现（考勤、课堂活动表 现、课堂作业）50%，课程结业考试50%。
Nature of Translation
Translation is the reproduction of the original message in the target language. Translation is an art. (some specific pieces of translation) (with each piece manifesting its own charms and style in the creative hands of the translator)
Welcome to the Cd-12th Week)
Translation of EST 《科技英语翻译》
卢志君 lzj@ 63079238
Reference Books
[1] 许建平. 英汉互译实践与技巧[M]. 北京：清华大学出版社，2003 [2] 陈小蔚. 新编实用翻译教程[M]. 北京：经济科学出版社，2006. [3] 冯志杰. 汉英科技翻译指要[M] 北京：中国对外翻译出版公司，1998. [4] 翟天利. 科技英语阅读与翻译实用教程[M]. 北京：新时代出版社，2003. [5] 严俊仁. 科技英语翻译技巧[M]. 北京：国防工业出版社，2000. [6] 严俊仁. 汉英科技翻译[M]. 北京： 国防工业出版社，2004. [7] 成昭伟. 简明翻译教程[M]. 北京： 国防工业出版社，2006. [8] 刘宓庆. 文体与翻译[M]. 北京：中国对外翻译出版公司，1998. [9] 耿洪敏. 实用英汉翻译[M]. 上海：复旦大学出版社，2005. [10] 《中国农业百科全书》（农作物卷）（上、下卷）[M]. 北京: 农业出 版社，1991. [11] 赵萱,郑仰成. 科技英语翻译[M]. 外语教学与研究出版社,2006. [12] 武力,赵栓科. 科技英汉与汉英翻译教程[M]. 西北工业大学出版社,2007.

Definition of Translation
3. “Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.” 所谓翻译，是指在译语中用最切近而又 自然的对等语再现原语的信息，首先在 语义上，其次在文体上。
2. Translation means the conversion of an expression from one language into another. To say it plainly, translation is an art to reproduce the exact idea of the author by means of a language different from the original… 翻译指的是将词句从一种语言转换成另一 种语言。简单地说，它是用与原作不同的 语言将作者的真正意思准确地复述出来的 一种艺术。
Definition of Translation
1. Translation is a kind of crosslinguistic, cross- cultural and crosssocial communication. 翻译是跨语言、跨文化、跨社会的交际 活动。

Definition of Translation


We shall mention here two temperature scales, namely, the Fahrenheit scale and the Centigrade scale. 这里我们将提及两种温度计:华氏表和摄氏表。 这里我们将提及两种温标:华氏温标和摄氏温标。 (temperature scales 有固定的翻译方法,翻译为 “温标”,而不是 “温度计”(thermometer) 。)

Four Meanings



1. translating: → the process 2.a translation：→ the translated text 3. translation: → the abstract concept which encompasses both the process of translating and the product of that process; 4. translator or interpreter: → the person who does the work of translating or interpreting.

Translation Standards
Translation Standards for Translation of EST: clarity, coherence & conciseness 科技英语翻译标准: 明确、通顺、简练。 (准确规范、通顺易懂、简洁明晰)

准确规范



Translation Standards
Literary Translation 严复 “信、达、雅” （faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance） 鲁迅 “凡是翻译，必须兼顾两方面， 一当然是其易解，二则保存着原作的丰 姿。” 傅雷 “神似” （Similarity in Spirit） 钱钟书 “化境” （Sublimation）
Translation Practice
泰特勒 1）译文应该完全传达原文的思想。 2）译文的风格和笔调应与原文的一致。 3）译文应像原文一样流畅。

Translation of EST Texts for Practical Use Translation of Business Stylistics

Translation Standards




18th Century Alexander F. Tytler Translation theorist Professor in the University of Adinburgh 1) A translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work. 2) The style and manner of writing should be of the same character as that of the original. 3) A translation should have all the ease of the original composition.

Definition of Translation
4. “Translation…serves as a means of communication, a transmitter of culture, a technique of language learning, and a source of personal pleasure.” “It has the special purpose of demonstrating the learner’s knowledge of foreign language.” “A Textbook of Translation” by Peter Newmark ( 2001)

3) 科技实用手册(Operative Means, 包括仪器、仪表、机械、 工具等等)的结构描述和操作规程;
4) 有关科技问题的会谈、会议、交谈的用语; 5) 有关科技的影片、录像等有声资料的解说词,等等


This course mainly deals with what has been mentioned in 1) and 2) in their written forms.

EST


In a broad sense, EST covers anything related to science and technology, both in written and spoken forms. 1) 科技著述、科技论文和报告、实验报告和方案;
2) 各类科技情报和文字资料;