not only…but (also),不但…而且(强调后者，就近原则)注意：not only… but also关联两个分句时，一个分句因有否定词not而必须倒装。

Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some.neithe…nor意思为"既不……也不……" (就近原则)Neither you nor he is to blame.as well as也(强调前者，就远原则)The students as well as their class teacher like watching football matches very much.I have one of his plays as well as a few of his novels.表示选择的并列结构1) or意思为"否则"。

I must work hard, or I'll fail in the exam.2) either…or意思为"或者……或者……"。

注意谓语动词采用就近原则。

Either you or I am right.表示转折或对比1) but表示转折，while表示对比。

some people love cats, while others hate them.2) not…but… 意思为"不是……而是……"not和but后面的用词要遵循一致原则。

They were not the bones of an animal, but (the bones) of a human being.表示因果关系1) forfor是并列连词，不能置于含两个并列分句的句子的句首，只能将其放在两个分句中间。

2) so, thereforeHe hurt his leg, so he couldn't play in the game.备注：1．while, when, as这三个连词都可引导时间状语从句，但用法有所不同。

1) 当某事正在进行的时候，又发生了另一件事。

While, when, as 都可用来引导表示“背景”的时间状语从句。

例如：As/When/While I was walking down the street I noticed a police car.2) 当两个长动作同时进行的时候，最常用的是while。

例如：While mother was cooking lunch, I was doing my homework.3) 当两个动作都表示发展变化的情况时，最常用的是as。

例如：As children get older, they become more and more interested in things around them.4) 当两个短动作同时发生时，或表示“一边…一边…”时，最常用as。

例如：Just a s he caught the fly, he gave a loud cry.She looked behind from time to time as she went5) 当从句的动作先于主句的动作时，通常用when。

例如：When he finished his work, he took a short rest.6) 当从句是瞬间动作，主句是延续性动作时，通常用when。

例如：When John arrived I was cooking lunch.2.as, because, since , for这四个词都可表原因，但用法有区别。

1) 如果原因构成句子的最主要部分，一般用because。

因此，because引导的从句往往放在句末。

例如：I stayed at home because it rained.---Why aren’t you going?---Because I don’t want to.2) 如果原因已被人们所知，或不如句子的其它部分重要，就用as或since。

Since比as稍微正式一点。

As和since 引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。

例如：As he wasn’t ready, we left without him.Since I have no money, I can’t buy any food.3) for用来补充说明一种理由，因此，for引导的从句几乎可以放在括号里。

For引导的句子不放在句子的开头。

例如：I decided to stop and have lunch----for I was feeling quite hungry.3.if, whether或He is over sixty, but he works as hard as others.7.because, so这两个连词同样不能用在同一个句子中。

例如：我们不能说“Because John was ill, so I took him to the doctor.” 这个句子应改为Because John was ill, I took him to the doctor.或John was ill, so I took him to the doctor.3．定语从句、名词性从句也有其自己相应的从属连词，这个在高中会详细讲解，这里不展开。

随堂练习：1. Which mobile phone would you like to buy, a Nokia an iPhone4 ?A. soB.orC.butD. and2. Jack was half an hour late for the party he was stuck in a traffic jam.A. unlessB. whileC. becauseD. if3. "Can you help me carry these boxes upstairs?" Mary asked Tom. (合并为一句)Mary asked Tom he help her carry these boxes upstairs.4. My uncle doesn't have much money. ______he always enjoys himself.A. butB. soC. andD. or5. The comic strip is _____funny______ readers art fond of it.A. too, toB. so, thatC. very, toD. too, that6. If I don’t finish my homework, my mother will not allow me to play computer games. (保持句意基本不变)I won’t be _______to play computer games_____ I finish my homework.7.”Have you got ready for the final exam?” Our class teacher asked the students. (合并一句)Our class teacher asked us _____ we _____got ready for the final exams.8.He didn't realize his mistake ______ he was told about it.A. ifB. whileC. untilD. since9.The problem is __________will be in charge of our school newspaper.A. whoB. whenC. whatD. where10.We must do something to protect the earth,_____ we will lose our home.A. orB. butC. soD. and1—5 B C . if/w hether, could; A6—10 B allowed unless; . if/whether had; C A专题过关11.The teacher asked us, "Have you finished reading the passage?"（保持句意基本不变）The teacher asked us _______ we ________ finished reading the passage.12. Don't stay up too late. __ you'll find it hard to get up on time tomorrow.A. orB. butC. andD. so13. Susan did quite well in the final exam ________ she had missed two weeks' lessons.A. thoughB. ifC. becauseD. unless14. Rose went to the car exhibition yesterday. Danny went there, too. (保持句意基本不变)__________ Rose __________ Danny went to the car exhibition yesterday.15. Does Mike like his new job? Mike's parents wonder. (合并为一句)Mike's parents wonder __________ he __________ his new job.16. I decided not to buy frozen dumplings the government said they were safe.A.becauseB. thoughC. sinceD. or17. Fresh water is limited. We can't waste it any more. (合并为一句)Fresh water is limited we can't waste it any more.18. Please tell us what we should do to protect our environment. (改为简单句)Please tell us do to protect our environment.19. Work harder, or you'll not succeed in your new job. (保持句意基本不变)work harder, you'll not succeed in your new job.20. I can’t understand the sentence ____ there are no new words in it.A. ifB. untilC. thoughD. because21. The police asked _____ we saw anybody break into the house to steal things.A. whoB. ifC. whatD. where22. Billy doesn’t know what happened. Billy doesn’t care what happened. (保持句意基本不变)Billy _____ knows _____ cares what happened.23. We will remember the picture ______ it is silly, strange and colorful.A. unlessB. ifC. beforeD. aftermy brother I like this song.40. You will be late for school unless you leave now. (保持句意基本不变)You will be late for school you leave now.41. The black suitcase is the red one. I'll take the red one.A. so expensive asB. much expensive thanC. more expensive asD. much more expensive than42. We will go to Happy Valley tomorrow it rains.A. untilB. whenC. unlessD. if43. the World Expo was over, a lot of visitors still go to the China Pavilion to enjoy themselves and take photos.A. AlthoughB. SinceC. WhenD. As44. Farmers are usin g fires to clear the land in order to plant crops. (保持句意不变)Farmers are using fires to clear the land they can plant crops.45. Ginger can’t dance as ______ as Jasmine, but she still got the prize.A. beautifullyB. more beautifullyC. less beautifullyD. the most beautifully46. You can buy computers at a local shop. They’re usually mare expensive, ______ you can get better after-sales service.A. andB. butC. soD. or47. Arthur, you will get toothache ______ you clean your teeth regularly.A. unlessB. sinceC. ifD. before48.The weather was so cold that we couldn’t go swimming. (保持句意基本不变)The weather wasn’t _______ ______for us to go swimming.49. The boys haven’t decided what they will do during this Spring Festival. (改为简单句)The boys haven’t decided _______ _________ do during this Spring Festival.50. Are you interested in reading science fiction? Tom asked me. (改为宾语从句)Tom asked me _______ I _______ interested in reading science fiction.51. I have something important to discuss with Tim. I will wait for Tim he gets back.A. asB. untilC. whenD. after52. Do more exercise every day, you’ll be stronger than before.A. soB. butC. andD. or53. We have been good friends we joined the same singing group.A. untilB. whenC. sinceD. though54. You will fail the English exam if you don't practise it more after class. (保持原意不变)一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷1．阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项AWhen I was a kid, my siblings(兄弟姐妹) and I used to have ice cream for dessert. Every day, we would choose which ice cream flavor to have. Then we would happily wolf down our ice cream as fast as we could.Once when I was probably about 10 or 11, our grandpa came to visit. Grandpa always had a different view on things. At that time, my sister and I were making bets as to who could finish their ice cream first. With a smile, Grandpa said, “Why would you want to finish first? If you eat slowly, it will last longer. You should have a competition to see who can finish last.” Even now, I always try to taste my ice cream, but of course this is about more than just dessert.Too often, kids want to scramble(争夺) for more, whether it's more ice cream, more toys, or more friends. This habit persists into our adult years. We never develop the skill of treasuring what we have. If we learn to recognize this pattern and change it, we will have a happier life.What my grandpa taught me that day was really that if you take the chance to enjoy what's in front you, the pleasure will last longer. It's a lesson that, I think, has made my adult life happier, as well. These days, when I want something, I wait as long as I can before I allow myself to have it. Then, when I finally get it, I make sure to treasure it as long as possible, because I know that, no matter what it is, it will be gone all too soon.（1）The writer's grandfather advised her sister and her to________.A.stop eating ice creamB.learn something from their way of eatingC.stop the competition between themD.eat ice cream slowly as possible（2）Children often want to scramble for more__________.A.toys, friends or siblingsB.toys, ice cream or friendsC.friends, desserts or ice creamD.toys, desserts and ice cream（3）Which of the following best describes the author's grandfather?A.HumorousB.StrictC.WiseD.Careful（4）We can infer from the last paragraph that the writer_______.A.benefits a lot from her grandfather's adviceB.knows how to get the chance to be happyC.knows nothing will gone all too soonD.longs for the days when they ate ice cream（5）What is the best title for this passage?A.Value what you haveB.Keep longing for moreC.Remember my grandpaD.Save for the future【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）C（4）A（5）A【解析】【分析】短文大意：本文讲述作者从外公那里学到，享受当前，会更珍惜所得到的。