一、开头句型I....has both advantages and disadvantages.……既有利又有弊。

例如：1.Obviously television has both advantages and disadvantages.2.Living in a city has both advantages and disadvantages. pared with cars，bikes have their advantages and disadvantages.举一反三：1.Although computers bring people a lot of convenience，they have many disadvantages.2....has many advantages.For example，...However，just as every coin has two sides，...has its disadvantages.(本例将利弊分开讲，转折过渡自然。

just as every coin has two sides也很值得背诵。

)II....play(s)an important role ／part in...……在……中扮演重要角色／起重要作用。

例如：puters play an important role in science and technology.puters play a more and more important role in our life.Computers play an increasingly important role in our studies.cation plays an important part in developing our mind.4.Addiction to alcohol and drugs play a role in homelessness.举一反三：1.Advertisement plays an informative role in our daily life.2.In the past，letters played a decisive role in long-distance communication.But now ，telephone，email，fax have taken their place.III.With the development of...，随着……的发展，例如：1.With the developm ent of our econo- m y，m any Chinese fam ilies can afford a car.2.With the development of our economy and society，pollution is more and more serious.3.With the rapid development of science and technology，people can get a college degree by taking online-courses at home.4.With the current social and technological developments，employees with more knowledge and higher academic degrees are needed.举一反三：1.With the rapid increase of China's population，housing problem is becoming more and more serious.随着中国人口的急剧增加，住房问题越来越突出。

2.With more and more women entering society，people's attitude owardswomen is changing.随着越来越多的妇女走入社会，人们对妇女的态度也在改变。

3.With the deepening of Chinese reform and opening up，an increasingnumber of Chinese families can afford a car.随着中国改革开放的深入，越来越多的中国家庭买得起车了。

(“越来越多”除了常用的more and more外，还可以用an increasing number of，a growing number of，a significant number of，a great number of等来表达。

)本结构看似固定，实则富于变化，只要记住with有“随着”的意思，相信大家可以根据实际的需要造出更多的句子。

我们已经看到，开门见山的开头使论文直切主题，直白明确地提出了论点。

不过在讨论某些有争议性的问题时，就显得有欠缺，因为我们必须在文章的开头引出人们对要讨论的问题的不同看法，然后再表明自己的观点。

下面就是专门针对争议性论文的一种句型。

IV.When it comes to...，some people think ／believe that...，others argue ／claim that opposite ／reverse is true.There is probably some truth in both arguments／statements，but...当说到……，有些人认为……，但另一些人则持相反的观点……。

这两种观点可能都有点道理，但……。

本结构先用when it comes to ...引出话题，再用some...others...这个对立的结构引出了两种相反的观点，然后说There is some truth inboth...表明严谨公正的态度，最后用but...很自然地引出了自己的论点。

请看下面这个例子：TV，a good thing or bad thingWhen it comes to TV，some people believe that it is extremely valuable，as it provides relaxation，entertainment and education. Others argue that it is harmful for it begins to control our lives and deprives people of time to do other activities.There is probably some truth in both sides.But we must realize that television itself is neither good or bad.It is the uses to which it is put that determines its value to society.二、结尾句型英语议论文多以简要总结全文或对所讨论的问题提出解决办法来结尾。

总结全文时除常用到in one ／a word，generally speaking等外，没有固定模式。

提出解决办法时却常使用下一句型。

V....take measures to do sth.例如：1.We should take measures to control pollution in order to save the world.2.We'd better take effective measures to prevent students from cheating on exams.3.The government decided to take strong measures against drug abuse.4.Urgent measures should be taken to prevent terrorists from carrying out further attacks.第一部分常用于引言段的句型的2类表达方式一、议论文常用句型1. It is a fact that….2. It is well-known that….3. There is no doubt that….4. I think that….5. Contrary to the popular thought, I prefer….6. Some people say/believe/claim that….7. It is generally believed that….8. It is widely accep ted that….9. It is argued/held that….10. While it is commonly believed that…, I believe….11. It can be concluded that….12. People’s views vary from person to person.二、图表作文常用句型1. The table/diagram/bar chart/pie graph/tree diagram/curve graph /column chart shows/illustrates/reveals/describes/depicts/reflects that/how….2. The graph provides some interesting data regarding….3. The data/statistics/figures can be interpreted as follows:4. The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that….5. As is shown/demonstrated/exhibited in the diagram/graph/chart/table, ….6. It is clear/apparent from the table/chart/diagram/figures that….7. The vertical/horizonta l axis stands for….8. There was rapid/noticeable/great/sharp/steep/remarkable/slow/little/slight/gradual rise/increase/decrease/fall/decline/drop/change in development in ….9. The percentage remained steady/stable at….10. The figures stayed the same….11. The figures bottomed out/peaked at….12. The figures reached the bottom/a peak/a plateau during….第二部分常用于正文段的句型的4类表达方式一、A、B型作文段落常用句型和表达方式1. A is completely / totally / entirely different from B.2. A and B are different in some/every way / respect / aspect.3. A and B differ in….4. A differs from B in….5. The difference between A and B is/lies in/exists in….6. Compared with/In contrast to/Unlike A, B….7. A…, on the other hand,/in contrast,/while/whereas B….8. While it is generally believed that A …, I believe B….9. Despite their similarities, A and B are also different.10. Both A and B …. However, A…; on the other hand, B….11. The most striking difference is that A…, while B….二、原因分析性段落常用的句型和表达方式1．There are several reasons for…, but in general, they come down to three major ones.2．There are many factors that may account for…, but the following are the most typical ones.3．Many ways can contribute to solving this problem, but the following ones may be most effective. 4．Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.5．The reasons are as follows.三、因果推理性段落常用句型和表达方式1. Because/Since we read the book, we have learned a lot.2. If we read the book, we would learn a lot.3. We read the book; as a result / therefore / thus / hence / co nsequently / for this reason / because of this, we’ve learned a lot.4. As a result of /Because of/Due to/Owing to reading the book, we’ve learned a lot.5. The cause of/reason for/overweight is eating too much.6. Overweight is caused by/due to/because of eating too much.7. The effect/consequence/result of eating too much is overweight.8. Eating too much causes/results in/leads to overweight.四、举例型段落常用句型和表达方式1. Here is one more example.2. Take … for example.3. The same is true of….4. This offers a ty pical instance of….5. We may quote a common example of….6. Just think of….一、常用句型套路：1 Although it is commonly (widely/generally) held (felt/accepted/agreed) that…, it is unlikely to be true that…2 It is true that (True, /To be sure, /Admittedly,)…, but this is not to say (it is unlikely /it doesn’t follow/it doesn’t mean/it won’t be the case) that…3.It would be possible (natural/reasonable) to think (believe/take the view) that…, but it would be absurd (wrong) to claim (argue) that…4.There is absolute ly (in fact) no (every) reason for us to believe (accept/resist/reject) that…5.The danger (problem/fact/truth/point) is that…6.I believe that the title statement is valid because (of)…7.I agree with the above statement because I believe that…8.Although I appreciate that…, I cannot agree with the title statement.9.Now it is commonly (widely/generally/increasingly) believed (thought/held/accepted/felt/recognized/acknowledged) that… But I wonder (doubt) whether…10.The increase (change/failure/success) i n…mainly (largely/partly) results from (arises from/is because of)…11.There are many (different/several/a number of/a variety of) causes (reasons) for this dramatic (marked/significant) growth (change/decline/increase) in… First, … Second, …Finally,…12.A nother reason why I dispute the above statement is that…13.There are numerous reasons why…, and I shall here explore only a few of the most important ones.二、不同文体写作常用套语例：议论文的常用套语As is known to all, it is important to be/do …I think there are at least t wo reasons for …For one thing,… For another , …Let’s take … for example …From what I have mentioned above we can see that without … we cannot …It is clear that,… plays an important part in …It is because … that …Different people, however , have different opinions on this matter .Some people think that …Others argue that …According to them, all of us should …In their opinion, nobody can … without…Compared with …, … has a lot of advantages over …There is no doubt that …In s hort (In brief /In a word), I firmly support the view that …So my conclusion is that …。