A．动词的过去分词的否定形式 动词的过去分词的否定形式是由not加动词的过去分词构成。 _N_o_t_a_l_lo_w__e_d_t_o_g_o__i_n__, he had to wait outside. 不允许他进去，他只好在外面等着。
B．动词的过去分词的特征 1．动词的过去分词有时同时带有被动和完成的意义。 _B_o_r_n_a_n_d__b_r_o_u_g_h_t_u_p__in__t_h_e_c_o_u_n__tr_y_s_id_e_, he was interested
building because of the earthquake. A. to catch B. caught C. catching D. to be catching
【1】— Can those __C___ at the back of the classroom hear
me?
—No problem. （2008福建卷）
A. seat B. sit C. seated D. sat
【2】The trees __B_____ in the storm have been moved off
the road. （2008湖南卷）
A. being blown down B. blown down
C. blowing down
M__o_v_e_d__b_y_t_h_e_h__er_o_i_c_d_e_e_d_s___, the children couldn’t help crying. 孩子们被英雄事迹感动，情不自禁地哭了起来。
（= Since they were moved by the heroic deeds ...） __W__ri_tt_e_n__in__a_h_u_r_r_y____, her letter is very hard to read. 因为写得 匆忙，她的信很难阅读。
in biology. 由于在农村出生并长大，他对生物很感兴趣。 One of the glasses was found _b_r_o_k_e_n__. 有人发现其中一个杯子破了。 The books, _w_r_it_t_e_n_b_y__L_u__X_u_n__, are popular with many
Chinese people. 鲁迅写的这些书，受到了许多中国人的喜爱。
2．及物动词的过去分词表示被动的意思。 _G_i_v_e_n_e_n_o_u__g_h_t_im__e___, I could have solved that riddle. 要是有充足的时间，我就能猜出那个谜语。 When you speak English, be sure to m_a_k_e_y_o_u_r_s_e_lf_u_n_d_e_r_s_to_o. d 你说英语的时候，一定要让人懂得你的意思。 The experience _g_a_i_n_e_d_i_n__th_e__a_rm__y__ was of great value to our study. 在军队获得的经验对我们的学习很有帮助。 3．不及物动词的过去分词只表示完成的意思，并不带有被动的 含义。
过去分词作状语
动词的过去分词作状语和现在分词作状语一样，也可以表示时间、 原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。
1．表示时间：动词的-ed形式作状语表示时间，相当于一个时间状 语从句。 _S_e_e_n__fr_o_m__t_h_e__to_w__e_r, the city looks beautiful. 从塔上往下看，城 市显得很美丽。
现在分词表示主动的意思，所修饰的人或物是分词动作的执行者； 过去分词表示被动意思，所修饰的人或物是分词动作的承受着。 一个激动人心的电影_a_n__e_x_c_it_in_g__f_il_m__(a__fi_lm___th_a_t_excites people ) 激动的观众___e_x_c_it_e_d_a_u__d_ie_n_c_e_s__(a_u_d_iences who are excited by…) 我听到有人正在关门。_I_h_e_a_r_d__s_o_m_e_o_n_e__c_lo__s_in_g__th_e_ door . 我听到门被关上了。_I _h_e_a_rd__t_h_e_d_o_o__r _c_lo_s_e_d__._____
（= If he was given more time ...） 4. 表示让步 动词的-ed形式作状语表示让步，相当于一个though/although 引导的让步状语从句。 _E_x_h_a_u_s_t_e_d__b_y_t_h_e_r_u_n_n_i_n_g, they went on running after the robber. 尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽，他们还是继续追赶着那个强 盗。
过去分词作定语： 1．前置定语 单个的动词的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。 A watched pot never boils. 心急锅不开。 （潮汕话版本：等水卖滚，等仔卖大。） _A_ll_t_h_e__b_ro__k_e_n_d_o_o_r_s__a_n_d_w__in_d_o__w_s__ have been repaired. 所有的 坏门窗都修好了。 但也有后置的情况，例如： __T__h_e_f_o_o_d__le_f_t __ is not for you, but for my son.剩下的食物不是 给你的，而是留给我儿子的。 2．后置定语 分词短语作定语一般放在所修饰的词之后，相当于一个定语从句。 We have read many novels _w_r_it_t_e_n_b_y__th_i_s_a_u__th_o_r_. 我们读过这个 作家写的许多小说。 （= that are written by this author） A woman, __d_re_s_s_e_d__l_ik_e__a_l_a_w_y_e_r_, came in and took her seat as a judge. 一个律师装扮的女人走了进来，并作为法官就座。
落叶
fallen leaves
=leaves which have fallen
升起的太阳 the risen sun
=the sun which has risen
一般说来现在分词和过去分词的区别主要表现在“时态”和“语态” 两个方面。 时间方面：现在分词表示正在进行的动作，而过去分词
则表示完成的动作。
逃犯
an escaped prisoner =a prisoner who has escaped
退休工人 a retired worker
=a worker who has retired
新来的客人 a newly arrived guest =a gueo blow down
【3】We finished the run in less than half the time _C___.
（2008江西卷）
A. allowing B. to allow C. allowed D. allows
【4】“Things __A____ never come again!” I couldn’t help
A. to borrow B. to be borrowed C. borrowed D. borrowing
【6】I'm calling to enquire about the position ___A___ in yesterday's China Daily.（2010北京卷）
A. advertised B. to be advertised C. advertising D. having advertised
(= who was dressed like a lawyer)
1.The chemistry teacher, __A____ by many students, went into the laboratory.
A. followed B. following C. to follow D. to be followed 2.The USA is a ____B__ country. A. developing B. developed C. to develop D. develop 3. Prices of daily goods ____B____ through a
（=As it was written in a hurry ...）
3. 表示条件 动词的-ed形式作状语表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。 _H_e_a_t_e_d_, water changes into steam. 加热，水就能变成蒸汽。 （= If water is heated...） G__iv_e_n__m_o_r_e__ti_m_e__, he would be able to do better. 假如多给 一些时间，他会干得更出色。
（= Although they were exhausted by the running ...） _L_a_u_g_h_e_d__a_t _b_y_m__a_n_y_p_e_o__p_le_, he continued his research. 尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。
（= Even if he was laughed at by many people ...）
computer can be lower than store prices. A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying 4. The Olympic Games, ____C____ in 776 B.C., did not
include women players until 1912. A.first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing 5. I don't know the girl ____B____ in the destroyed