孔子英文简介QufuislocatedinthesouthwestofShandongProvince,Itcoversanareaof896 sqkm.Andithasapopulationof630,000.Qufuisthehometownofthegreatthinker, statesmanandeducator.Itislistedinthefirstgroupof24nationalfamouscitie sofhistoricalandculturalrelicsdesignatedbytheStateCouncil.Qufuisalsot hehometownofShenNong(Godofagriculture).HuangDi,ShaoHaoandMencius,andh asbeenthesiteforancientstatesandcapitalsliketheShangdynasty,theYinsta te,theLustate,etc.Inthecity,therearenowover300historicrelicsunderprot ection,amongwhichsixsitesareofnationallevel,elevenareofprovincialleve l.TheConfucianTemple,theConfucianMansionandtheConfucianCemeterywerera nkedasoneoftheworldculturalheritages.Qufuenjoysaconvenienttransportat ion.Thereisanetworkofrailwaysandhighwayinit.Beijing-ShanghaiRailwayan dBeijing-FujianExpresswayrunnorthandsouthofQufuandXinxiang-ShijiusuoR ailwayandRizhao-DongmingExpresswaypenetrateQufueastandwest.Anditisals otheintersectionofNo.104NationalRoadandNo.327NationalRoad.Qufuisrichi nnaturalresources.Waterisplentifulandhighquality.Mineraldepositsarema inlycoal,limestone,marble,granite,phosphorousandsoon..Thecoalminingin QufuispartoftheYanzhouCoalfield,whichisoneoftheeightbiggestcoalfieldi nChina.Anditsannualyieldis800thousandtons.Qufuhasfavorableinvestmentp olicies.Qufueconomicdevelopmentzoneisofprovinciallevel.Inittherearehi gh-techindustrialpark,aprivate-ownedenterprisepark,atourismindustrial parkandaninternationaltradepark,etc.angitiswellequippedwithwater,gasa ndelectricity.Toservedomesticandforeigninvestorswell,theMunicipalAdmi nistrationsetupaninvestmentservicecenter,withitsaimofprovidingall-aro und,high-qualityservices.Qufu`seconomyisprosperous,Ithasasolidbaseofa griculture.Itisthebaseofnationalcommoditygrainandagriculture..Industr yrunssmoothlyanditsmainindustriesincludefoodprocessing,textile,constr uctionmaterials,chemistry,coalmianing,pharmacy,papermakingandmechanic cationinQufuisadvancedwith209schoo lsofdifferentlevels.AmongthemisQufuTeacher`sUniversity,whichranksason eofShandong`skeyuniversities.Qufuisanoldcitywhileitisyoungwiththeages .Itshard-workingandhospitablepeoplearestrivingtobuilditintoaworld–famoushistoricalandculturalcity!2.孔丘（前551年9月28日～前479年4月11日），字仲尼。
排行老二，汉族人，春秋时期鲁国人。
孔子是我国古代伟大的思想家和教育家，儒家学派创始人，世界最著名的文化名人之一。
编撰了我国第一部编年体史书《春秋》。
据有关记载，孔子出生于鲁国陬邑昌平乡（今山东省曲阜市东南的南辛镇鲁源村）；孔子逝世时，享年73岁，葬于曲阜城北泗水之上，即今日孔林所在地。
孔子的言行思想主要载于语录体散文集《论语》及先秦和秦汉保存下的《史记·孔子世家》。
德治主张同孔子的仁说和礼说相联系，在治国的方略上，他主张“为政以德”，用道德和礼教来治理国家是最高尚的治国之道。
这种治国方略也叫“德治”或“礼治”。
这种方略把德、礼施之于民，实际上已打破了传统的礼不下庶人的信条，打破了贵族和庶民间原有的一条重要界限。
孔子的仁说，体现了人道精神，孔子的礼说，则体现了礼制精神，即现代意义上的秩序和制度。
人道主义这是人类永恒的主题，对于任何社会，任何时代，任何一个政府都是适用的，而秩序和制度社会则是建立人类文明社会的基本要求。
孔子的这种人道主义和秩序精神是中国古代社会政治思想的精华。
Confucius(fesbeforeSeptember28~479yearsbeforeApril11),ZhongNiword s.Second,thehanpeople,thespringandautumnperiodLuGuoRen.Confuciusisagr eatthinkerandeducator,founderoftheConfucianschool,oneofthemostfamousc ulturalcelebrities.Thefirstbookwascompiledbythespringandautumnannalso fhowtwoyoungboys.Accordingtorelevantrecords,Confuciusisborninchangpin gtownship(citystateofsouthshandongocrestodaysoutheastLuYuanvillage);M ichaeltown,Confuciusdiedattheageof73years,whentheentirebody,namelyabo vesurabayaqufukonglinwassuggestedtoday.Confucius'thoughtandmainbodyof sayingsintheanalectsofConfuciusandcollectionofqinandqinchuziunderthep reservation,Confuciusfamily".RuleThekernelandritualwithConfuciussaid, inthegeneralrule,headvocatedgoverningwith","withmoralityandConfuciani smtogovernthecountryisthemostnoblegoverningway.Thegeneralruleisthat"v irtue"or"government".Thisstrategy,theritualinpeople,infact,havebroken thetraditionalritualnocreed,brokethenobleandordinaryfolkoriginalanimp ortantboundary.Confuciussaid,benevolence,embodiesthespiritofhumanism, Confuciussaid,embodiesthespiritofetiquette,namelythemodernsenseoforde randsystem.Thisisthehumanitarianhumaneternaltheme,foranysociety,anyag e,anygovernmentissuitable,andsocialorderandsystemisestablishedthebasi crequirementsofthecivilizationofhumansociety.Confucius'shumanitariana ndorderthespiritofChineseancientpoliticalthoughtisoftheessence3.Confu cius(bornKongQiu,styledZhongNi)wasborninthevillageofZouinthecountryofLuin551B.C.,apoordescendant ofadeposednoblefamily.Asachild,heheldmake-believetemplerituals;asayou ngadult,hequicklyearnedareputationforfairness,politenessandloveoflear ning,andhewasreputedtobequitetall.Hetraveledextensivelyandstudiedatth eimperialcapital,Zhou,whereheissaidtohavemetandspokewithLaoZi,thefoun derofDaoism.UponhisreturntoLu,hegainedrenownasateacher,butwhenhewas35 ,DukeZhaoofLuledhiscountrytowar,wasroutedandfledtotheneighboringcount ryofQi;inthedisorderfollowingthebattle,Confuciusfollowed.DukeZhaofreq uentlycametohimforadvice,butuponcounselofoneofhisministers,hedecideda gainstgrantinglandtoConfuciusandgraduallystoppedseekinghiscounsel.Whe nothernoblesbeganplottingagainstConfucius'position,DukeZhaorefusedtoi ntervene,andConfuciusreturnedtoLu.Butconditionstherewerenobetterthanb efore,andConfuciusretiredfrompubliclifetoconcentrateonteachingandstud ying.Atage50,hewasapproachedbytheBaronofQitohelpdefendagainstarebelli on,buthedeclined.HewaslatermadeacitymagistratebythenewDukeofLu,andund erhisadministrationthecityflourished;hewaspromotedseveraltimes,eventu allybecomingGrandSecretaryofJusticeand,atage56,ChiefMinisterofLu.Neig hboringcountriesbegantoworrythatLuwouldbecometoopowerful,andtheysentm essengerswithgiftsanddancerstodistractthedukeduringasacrificeholiday.Whenthedukeabandonedhisdutiestoreceivethemessengers,Confuciusresigned andleftthecountry.ConfuciusspentthenextfiveyearswanderingChinawithhis disciples,findingthathispresenceatroyalcourtswasrarelytoleratedforlon gbeforenobleswouldbeginplottingtodrivehimoutorhavehimkilled.Hewasarre stedonceandjailedforfivedays,andat62hewaspursued,alongwithhisdisciple s,intothecountrysidebyabandofsoldierssentbyjealousnobles,untilhewasab letosendamessengertothesympathetickingofanearbycountry,whosenthisowns oldierstorescuethem.Onceagain,Confuciuswastobegivenlandbutwasdeniedit uponcounselofanotherhighminister.Afterfurtherwanderings,heeventuallyr eturnedtoLuatage67.Althoughhewaswelcomedthereandchosetoremain,hewasno tofferedpublicofficeagain,nordidheseekit.Insteadhespenttherestofhisye arsteachingand,finally,writing.Hediedat72.孔子(名秋字仲尼)生于鲁国邹村在我国公元前551年,元老废黜了一个贫苦家庭高贵.作为一个孩子,他认为地以为庙祭;作为一个年轻的成年人,他很快赢得美誉公平、礼貌、爱学习,他被誉为是相当高大.他走遍了研究和广泛的帝国首都周据说他曾与交谈老子,道家创始人.返回卢,他赢得声威当老师,但是当他35岁赵吕公爵率领乌加战争是落花流水逃往邻国齐;在混乱的战斗后,孔子之后.杜克赵常找他请教,但他的一名律师在部长会议他决定对孔子逐渐停止批地给他的律师求.当其他贵族开始密谋对付孔子地位杜克赵拒绝介入,孔子返鲁.但没有任何条件比以前更好、离退休孔子退隐专心教学和学习.50岁时,他遇见了男爵齐协防打击叛乱,但他拒绝.他后来被新县长作了一个城市格洛斯特路而在他主政全市蓬勃开展;升任几次,终于成为大政司司长,年仅56岁,首席部长鲁.周边国家开始担心,将成为卢太强大送信、送礼物、跳舞,他们分散在公爵牺牲假期.当公爵遗弃职务领取送信,孔子辞职,离开该国.未来5年内花费孔子与弟子中徘徊,法院认定他出席皇家贵族很少容忍多久便开始密谋把他或他杀死.他被捕入狱后五天,他是在62追求,随着他的弟子,到郊外一阶士兵发出嫉妒贵族,直到他能够体谅国王派遣使者到邻近的国家,当年送自己的士兵拯救.再次,孔子得到它的土地,但遭到拒绝后,高律师另一个大臣.进一步漫游后,他终于回到鲁年仅67.虽然他并没有选择留欢迎,他没有向公职再次他也不求.而他花了他多年的教学和休息,最后写作.他死在72.。