当代研究生英语读写教程(下)的close的翻译第一单元There are two factors that determine an individual’s intelligence . The first is the sort of brain he is born (1)with. Human brains differ considerably, (2)some being more capable than others. (3)But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence (4)unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what (5)happens to the individual —the sort of environment in which he is brought (6)up. If an individual is handicapped (7)environmentally, it is likely that his brain will(8) fail to develop and he will (9)never obtain the level of intelligence of which he is (10)capable.影响一个人智商的因素一共有两个。
第一个因素就是他与生俱来的那部分大脑。
人类的大脑结构是不同的，有的人比其他的人更加有能力。
但是不管他生来智商多高，只有他有了学习的机会他才能拥有高智商，所以，第二个因素就是与这个个体有关的因素——他成长中的生活环境，如果一个人的生活环境及其恶劣，他的大脑就很有可能发育不良，并且永远不能得到她应有的智商。
The importance of environment in determining an individual’s i ntelligence can be (11)demonstrate by the case history of the identical twins .Peter and John .When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in (12)separate foster homes. Peter was reared by parents of low intelligence in a (13) isolated community with poor educational (14)opportunities. John ,(15)however was educated in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. This environmental (16)difference continued until the twins were (17)in their late teens, (18)when they were given tests to (19)measure their intelligence. Mark’s I.Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the (20)average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother.环境影响人的智商的重要性可以通过双胞胎这个例子来证实。
Peter 和John当这对双胞胎三个月大的时候，他们的父母去世了，他们被各自带到不同的家庭抚养。
peter的养父母智商不高，并且被隔离在教育质量不高的地方。
然而，John的养父母都是大学毕业的。
这种环境差异一直持续着知道两个双胞胎都长成青少年了，当他们被测试智商的时候，John的智商是125，比正常人高出25点，并比的他孪生兄弟高出了40点。
第二单元Recent studies of the human brain have resulted in some interesting discoveries. Scientist s believe that a way to improve the power of the brain may soon be possible. 最近对人类大脑研究的结果中有一些有趣的发现：科学家认为一种改善大脑力量的方式可能很快就将成为可能。
Scientists have (1)discovered that the brain can make its own drugs. The brain contains a protein (2)substance which can act directly (3)on the brain to change aspects of mental activity. Some may change or improve, for example, (4)creativity, intelligence, imagination, and good memory. 科学家们发现大脑可以产生自己的药物。
大脑中含有一种蛋白物质，它可以直接作用于大脑以改变心理活动的各个方面。
有些可能会改变或改善，例如，创造力，智力，想象力和良好的记忆力。
Chemicals found in the brain (5)carry messages .In recent years scientists have found chemicals that (6)affect mood, memory and other happenings of the(7) mind .About 25 have been found (8)so far .在大脑中发现的化学物质携带着消息。
近年来科学家们已发现影响情绪，记忆和头脑的其它事情的化学物质。
目前约25种已被发现。
Today the role of (9)chemicals and protein substance in human behaviour is creating much (10)interest .Research seems to show that they may help (11)control insomnia, pain, and mental illness .They have a great cap acity to (12)stimulate the brain to conquer deficiencies. (13)The y also improve the qualities of memory and (14)learning already in the brain .They hold the secret to mood and emotion. Some day there may be a chemical way to create a better more (15)efficient brain.今天，化学物质和蛋白质物质在人类行为的作用创造了很大的兴趣。
研究似乎表明，它们可能有助于控制失眠，疼痛，和精神病。
它们有一个巨大的能力来刺激大脑克服不足。
它们还提高记忆和已经在大脑中的学习的质量。
他们保持情绪和情感的秘密。
有一天，有可能会有一种化学方法来创造一个更好、更有效率的大脑。
第三单元By measuring the amount of HIV’s genetic material in various representative tissue samples from infected people, and extrapolating from these (sample) to the entire body, Haase estimates that at most 1 in 2,500cells, maybe fewer ,is infected with HIV .This is nowhere near enough for direct cell killing to account for the depletion in their numbers that (leads to) AIDS.Haase says that his own work now shows that large numbers of CD4 cells are becoming (trapped) in lymph tissue, and he believes that HIV also (disrupts) the production of new cells. In common with a number of other researchers, he also believes that HIV may cause the (loss) of uninfected CD4 cells by triggering abnormally high levels of cell suicide, or apoptosis—a separate process that has been a subject of research throughout the 1990s.Taken together , these (findings)clearly suggest that HIV keeps the (immune)system in state of constant activation, and unbalances it in four (ways):by trapping mature cells, by killing a small but significant (number)of cells directly. Their combined impact leaves the immune system depleted and unable to (cope with) opportunistic infections.How will any of this affect treatments ? Would better knowledge of the ways in (which) the virus disturbs the immune system enable researchers to (rebuild)it, broadening the depleted repertoire of CD4 cells? Roederer , at least, thinks that drugs that directly affect the immune system will be needed.Others go (further). Jay Levy at the University of California, San Francisco, worries that (prolonged) treatment with cocktails of antiviral (drugs) might even fool the immune system and “put it to rest”, by keeping levels of HIV so low in the body (that) they fail to trigger any immune responses (at all).This night make individuals who stop (taking)the durgs even more vulnerable. He (argues)that immune-restoring treatments should be given (alongside)antiviral drugs. Already, some researchers are working on novel approaches such as developing genetically engineered T cells to replace lost CD4 cells.第四单元What is Globalization?Economic "globalization" is a historical process, the result of human innovation and technological progress. It (1)refers to the increasing integration of economies around the world, particularly through the movement of goods, services, and capital across borders. The term sometimes also refers to the movement of people (labor) and knowledge (technology) (2)across international borders. There are also broader cultural, political, and environmental dimensions of globalization that are not (3) covered here.经济“全球化”是一个历史过程，是人类创新和技术进步的结果。