定语从句1——关系代词引导的定语从句
一、考点、热点回顾
【词汇辨析】
1.every day& everyday
every day“每天”,作时间状语。
everyday是形容词,“每天的,日常的”。
eg: She learns some everyday English everyday. 她每天学一些日常英语。
He goes to bed late every day.他每天睡觉很晚。
2.between& among
between常用于表示两者之间,或用于表示三者或三者以上的众多事物两两之间
among一般指在三者或三者以上众多事物之中。
eg: Tomis between Ann and Mary.汤姆在安和玛丽之间。
Theytalkedamong themselves while theywaited. 他们一边等着一边互相谈话
【固定搭配】todo/doing
在英语中,有些动词或动词短语后既可以接不定式,也可以接动名词做宾语,但意思不同ﻫ1.forget to do 忘记做某事I’m sorry I forgot to post the letter.
forget doing做过某事忘了 I forgot telling himthenews the other day. ﻫ2. stop to do 停下来做某事He stopped to talk to me when he saw me in the street yesterday.
stop doing停止做某事Please stop talkingloudly in the library.
3.try to do 尽力做某事I’ll try to get there beforesunset.我将尽量在日落前赶到那里。
try doing 试着做某事Why not try knocking at the back door? 为什么不试一试敲后门?
4.regret to do 遗憾地将做某事 I regret to say that Ican’t go with you.
regret doing 后悔做过某事I regretmissing such a good chance of practising my spoken English.
【关系代词引导的定语从句】
(一)、定义:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子,定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。
如:1)Theman wholivesnexttous is a policeman.
2)You must doeverything that I do.
上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词,叫先行词,定语从句放在先行词的后面。
引导定语从句的词有关系代词that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose)和关系副词whe re, when、why
、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分
(二)、关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who指人,在从句中做主语
(1)The boys who are playingfootball arefrom ClassOne.
(2)Yesterday I helpedan old man wholosthis way.
2.whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。
(1) Mr. Liuisthe person(whom) you talked about.
注意:关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。
(2) The manwho/whom you metjust now is myfriend.
3. which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略
(1)Football is a game which is liked by most boys. (which在句子中做主语)
(2)This is thepen(which) he bought yesterday. (which在句子中做宾语)
4.that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which。
在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。
(1)Thepeople that/who come tovisitthecity areall here.(在句子中做主语)
(2)Where is the manthat/whomI saw thismorning? (在句子中做宾语)
5. whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语
(1)Hehas a friend whosefather is adoctor.
(2)I lived in a house whose roofhas fallenin.
whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替
(3)Theclassroomwhosedoor isbrokenwill soon be repaired.
=Theclassroomthe door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
(4)Doyou like the bookwhose color is yellow?
=Doyoulike thebook is yellow?
【总结】:
一、关系代词引导定语从句时,可作主语、宾语、定语等句子成分。
如:
1.Thisis thedoctor who came from London.
2.Thebook which/that Iamreading is written by Thomas Hardy.
3. Thedesk whoseleg is broken is very old.
4. This is the roomthat/whichShakespeare wasbornin.。