延续性动词和终止性动词的区别及用法一、延续性动词和终止性动词的概念英语中，动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。

延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。

如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sl eep, live, stay等。

终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。

如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borr ow,buy等。

二、延续性动词的用法特征1.延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，其完成时态可与表示"段时间"的状语连用。

表示"段时间"的短语有：for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long等。

如：I have learned English since I came here.自从我来到这儿就学英语了。

2.延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的"点时间"状语连用。

如：It raind at eight yesterday morning.(误) rain为延续性动词，而at eight表示"点时间"，前后显然矛盾。

如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作，可以借助come, begin, get等终止性动词来表示。

上句可改为：It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)又如：-When did you get to know Jack?-Two years ago.-Then you've known each other for more than two years.-That's right.三、终止性动词的用法特征1.终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成，因此可用于现在完成时。

如：The train has arrived.火车到了。

Have you joined the computer group?你加入电脑小组了吗？2.终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续。

因此，不可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯定式)。

如：(1)他死了三年了。

误：He has died for three years.正：He has been dead for three years.正：He died three years ago.正：It is three years since he died.正：Three years has passed since he died.(2)他来这儿五天了。

误：He has come here for five days.正：He has been here for five days.正：He came here five days ago.正：It is five days since he came here.正：Five days has passed since he came here.(1)、(2)句中的die、come为终止性动词，不能与表示"段时间"的状语连用。

那么，应如何正确表达呢？可以采用下面的四种方法：(1)将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词，如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式。

下面列举几例：leave→be away, borrow→keep, buy→have, begin/start →be on, die→be dead, move to→live in, finish→be over, join→be in/be a member of, open sth.→keep sth. open, fall ill→be ill, get up→be up, catch a cold→have a cold。

(2)将句中表示"段时间"的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语，如下面两例中的第二种正确表达方式。

(3)用句型"It is+段时间+since..."表达原意，如上面两例中的第三种正确表达方式。

(4)用句型"时间+has passed+since..."表达原意，如上面两例中的第四种正确表达方式。

3.终止性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中，成为可以延续的状态，因而可与表示一段时间的状语连用。

如：He hasn't left here since 1986.I haven't heard from my father for two weeks.4.终止性动词的否定式与until/till连用，构成"not+终止性动词+until/till ..."的句型，意为"直到……才……"。

如：You can't leave here until I arrive.直到我到了，你才能离开这里。

I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.今天晚上直到我画完画，我才上床睡觉。

5.终止性动词可以用于when引导的时间状语从句中，但不可以用于while引导的时间状语从句中。

when表示的时间是"点时间"(从句谓语动词用终止性动词)，也可以是"段时间"(从句谓语动词用延续性动词)。

而while表示的是一个较长的时间或过程，从句谓语动词用延续性动词。

如：When we reached London, it was twelve o'clock. (reach为终止性动词) Please look after my daughter while/when we are away. (be away为延续性动词短语)6.终止性动词完成时不可与how long连用(只限于肯定式)。

如：误：How long have you come here?正：How long have you been here?正：When did you come here?延续性动词与非延续性动词及其转换动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。

一.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。

延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。

表示时间段的短语有:for+一段时间,for 2 years; since从句,since he came here; since+时间点名词,since last year, since 5 days ago; how long; for a long time等。

例:He has lived here for 6 years. You can keep the book for 5 days. I stayed there for 2 weeks last year. How long did you stay there last year?二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词，表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。

如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。

非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，如：two years ago; at 5 o'clock;例:He died 5 years ago.否定的终止性动词可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用。

例:I haven't left here for 3 years. I haven't heard from him for 3 weeks.三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：leave --- be away, borrow --- keep, buy --- have, begin/start --- be on, die --- be dead, finish --- be over, join --- be in+组织机构, be a member of+组织机构, open sth --- keep sth open, fall ill --- be ill, get up---be up, catch a cold --- have a cold, come here --- be here, go there --- be there, become --- be, come back --- be back, fall asleep --- be asleep, get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in), leave --- be away from, get to know --- know, go (get) out →be out，put on→ wear；catch a cold →have a cold等。

例:The old man died 4 years ago. ----The old man has been dead for 4 years. ---- It is 4 years since the old man died. ----Four years has passed since the old man died. He joined the Party 2 years ago. -----He has been in the Party for 2 years. I bought the book 5 days ago. ---- I have had the book for 5 days.补充练习：1. When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus ________ for 20 minutes.A. has leftB. had leftC. has been awayD. had been away2. I ______ the League for 5 years so far.A. joinedB. have joinedC. have been in3. The factory ________ since the February of 1988.A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened4. Mary and Rose _______friends since they met in 2000.A. have madeB. have beenC. madeD. have become5.You mustn't ________ until he comes back.A. be awayB. leaveC. be left6.The meeting _______ for a week now.A. has finishedB. has endedC. has been over7.Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years.A. has been inB. has come toC. has taught8.Ben ______ a teacher for 4 years .A. has beenB. has becomeC. wasD. became9. I ______ home for a week.A. have returnedB. have been backC. returned10. How long _______ he ________ ?A. diedB. has, diedC. has, been dead11. He ______ at eight yesterday afternoon.A. sleptB. was sleepingC. has sleepD. had slept12.He ________ the car for a week.A. boughtB. has boughtC. has had13.-----How long _____ you _____ ill ? -----Two weeks.A. did fallB. have, fellC. have, been14.Since 2000, he _____ his hometown.A. has leftB. has moved awayC. has been away from15.I'll lend you the book , but you can only _____ it for 2 days.A. borrowB. keepC. take16.The bus ______ on the road for 2 hours so far.A. has stoppedB. stoppedC. has been17.Are you _____ the jacket these days?A. wearingB. putting onC. dressingD. on18.He ________ foe 2 hours.A. got upB. has got upC. has been up19. Tom is ill in hospital. He _______ a cold for several days.A. isB. catchesC. has caughtD. has had20.----- How long can I ______ the book? ------ Two weeks.A. borrowB. lendC. getD. keepKey:1---5 D C A B B; 6---10 C A A B C; 11---15 B C C C B; 16---20 C A C D D初中英语中短暂性动词与延续性动词的用法英语中，按动词延续的时间长短，可将动词分为延续性动词和短暂性动词。