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洱海流域水质时空变化特征-中国科学院水生生物研究所

生态与农村环境学报 2011,27 ( 4) : 14 - 20 Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment
洱海流域水质时空变化特征
任 泽1,2 ,杨顺益1,2 ,汪兴中1,2 ,唐 涛1 ,蔡庆华1① ( 1. 中国科学院水生生物研究所淡水生态与生物技术国家
重点实验室,湖北 武汉 430072; 2. 中国科学院研究生院,北京 100049)
Spatial and Temporal Variation of Water Quality of Erhai Basin. REN Ze1,2 ,YANG Shun-yi1,2 ,WANG Xingzhong1,2 ,TANG Tao1 ,CAI Qing-hua1 ( 1. State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology,Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,China; 2. Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China) Abstract: Based on the water quality survey of the Erhai basin in 2009,covering 62 sampling points,cluster analysis was done of the data for characterization of the spatial and temporal variation of water quality of the Erhai basin. Spatially,the sampling points were divided into 4 groups,that are,Group A1 ,source streams in the interference-free Cangshan forest; Group A2 ,upper and middle reaches of the streams and lakes in the farming areas and towns that are subjected to some extent of human interference; Group A3 ,lower reaches of the streams running through the farming areas and towns that are subjected to severe human interference; and Group A4 ,offshore of the Erhai Lake that is most seriously interfered by mankind. Discriminatory analysis ( DA) was used to identify significant indexes,and to reflect results of the spatial cluster analysis,and the results of the analysis show that the clustering reached 95. 2% in accuracy. By means of principal component analysis ( PCA) ,four groups of principal components were identified. Principal Component Group 1 included alkalinity,Ca2 + ,Mg2 + and hardness; Group 2,TP; Group 3,TN and NO3- -N; and Group 4,DOC and TOC. Spatial differences were significant between these groups. On a time scale,Alk was higher in the wet season than in the dry season and Ca2 + the other way round. TP did not vary much,while TN in Group A1 and Group A3 was higher in the wet season than in the dry season. Key words: Erhai basin; spatial and temporal variations of water quality; principal component analysis; cluster analysis; discriminatory analysis
摘要: 依据 2009 年洱海流域 62 个样点的水质调查数据,应用聚类分析对洱海流域水质时空变化特征进行分析, 将样点在空间上分为 4 组,分别为无干扰的苍山林区源头溪流( A1 ) 、受到一定程度人类干扰的流经农业区和城镇 区溪流的中上游段及湖泊( A2 ) 、干扰较严重的流经农业区和城镇区溪流的下游段( A3 ) 以及干扰最为严重的洱海 岸边带( A4 ) ,判别分析结果表明聚类准确率达 95. 2% 。应用主成分分析方法得到影响洱海流域水质的 4 个主成 分为: 第 1 主成分,Alk、Ca2 + 、Mg2 + 、HS; 第 2 主成分,TP; 第 3 主成分,TN 和 NO3- 显。在时间尺度上,Alk 表现为丰水期高于枯水期; Ca2 + 表现为枯水期高于丰水期; TP 没有表 现出明显的季节性变化规律; TN 在 A1 和 A3 组表现为丰水期高于枯水期。 关键词: 洱海流域; 水质时空变化; 主成分分析; 聚类分析; 判别分析 中图分类号: X131; Q178 文献标志码: A 文章编号: 1673 - 4831( 2011) 04 - 0014 - 07
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