2021/2/2
12
汉语：头重脚轻，属于主题显著（topicprominent）语言
语言学家赵元任：在汉语中，主语与谓语之间 的语法关系与其说是施事和动作的关系，不如 说是话题和说明的关系，施事和动作可以看作 是话题和说明的一个特例。
2021/2/2
13
I worked very hard on this book. 这本书我花了很多心血。
2021/2/2
7
Inadequate training for farmers and the low productivity of many farms place the majority of country dwellers in a disadvantageous position in their own countries.
The girl was criticized yesterday. 这个女孩昨天挨了一顿批评。
2021/2/2
17
3 无从说出动作的实行者是谁 She was seen to go out of the room. 人家看见她走出了那个房间。 You’re wanted on the phone. 你的电话。 This rubbish is being disposed of. （有人）正在处理这些垃圾。
(George Santayana, The Weather in His Soul)
设想在他运动之余品茶或喝酒，并点着烟斗 时…… （刘士聪 译）
2021/2/2
29
二十岁那年，我就逃出了父亲的家庭。直到现 在还是过着流浪的生活。
（萧红 《永久的憧憬和追求》）
When I was twenty, I fled home. Since then I
2021/2/2
4
例句：
由于距离远，又缺乏交通工具，使农村社会与外界隔绝， 而这种隔绝，又由于通讯工具不足而变得更加严重。
Because there is a great distance and there are not enough transport facilities, the rural world is isolated. This isolation has become more serious because there are not enough information media.
He isn’t interested in things like watching TV, listening to songs, or dancing.
看电视、唱歌、跳舞这类活动他都不感兴趣。
2021/2/2
14
英汉语言语态上的差异 英语：广泛使用被动语态 汉语：较少使用被动语态
2021/2/2
他出现在台上，观众热烈鼓掌欢迎。
Language is shaped by, and shapes, human thought. 人的思想形成语言，而语言又影响了人的思想。
2021/2/2
19
5 出于礼貌，使措辞得当，语气委婉 Visitors are requested to show their tickets. 来宾请出示入场券。
5
英语句子中，名词与介词占优势
主谓机制：抓住了谓语动词就抓住了英语句子 的灵魂。
名词与名词之间的联系要借介词来串通
2021/2/2
6
Carlisle Street runs westward, across a great
black bridge, down a hill and up again, by
have been wandering around like hobo.
（刘士聪 译）
2021/2/2
30
大学毕业后我分配到一所学校任教，认识了后来
15
英语被动语态使用的情况： 1 不知道或是没有必要说明行为的实行者 The audience are requested to keep silent. 请观众保持肃静。 She was offered a job in a middle school. 人家给她一个中学里的位置。
2021/2/2
2021/2/2
25
汉语：人们、人家、有人、别人、大家 英语： it
练习
2021/2/2
26
英语时态的汉译
汉语主要通过词汇和句法手段来表示“时”的 变化，如用“了”、“着”、“过”、“已 经”、“就要”、“现在”、“将来”、“正 在”、“过去”等
英语时态必须用动词的曲折变化体现出来
2021/2/2
这次访问使我有机会亲眼看一看中国人民取得的成就， 这是我向往已久的。
I am heartened by the assurance which your Government has repeatedly given that the arrangements for Hong Kong contained in the Agreement are not measures of expediency.
2021/2/2
24
汉语无主句 用来表达观点、态度、要求、告诫、号召等 例句： 应该教育儿童讲老实话。
Children should be taught to speak the truth. 发现了错误，一定要改正。
Wrongs must be righted when they are discovered.
support necessary for the morning’s work.” （许余龙，1987：56）
19世纪英国烹饪大师伊莎贝拉·比顿曾在其著作 的一个早期版本里说过：“享用一顿美餐，能使 整个上午工作精力充沛。”这番高见，现在很少 有人领教了。
2021/2/2
28
When he has taken his exercise and is drinking his tea or his beer, and lighting his pipe…
27
Few follow the advice of Isabella Beeton, the guru of British cooks in the 19th century, who
decreed in an early edition of her book that “a
good meal, if enjoyed and digested, gives the
贵国政府一再表示，协议中有关香港的安排不是权宜之 计，这种保证使我感到鼓舞。
2021/2/2
11
英语：end-weight头轻脚重，属于主语显著 （subject-prominent）语言
It is….to…; there…
英语重视主语的位置及其统帅全局的作用。因 此在汉译英中，如何找准句子重心，确定主语 常常是翻译成败的关键因素。
little shops and meat-markets, past single-
storied homes, until suddenly it stops against a wide green lawn. （7个介词）
卡莱尔大街往西伸展，越过一座黑色大桥，爬 下山岗又爬上去，经过许多小铺和肉市，又经 过一些平房，然后突然朝着一大片绿色草地中 止了。
16
2 动作的对象是谈话的中心话题
Clinton is expected to give his testimony by videotape.
克林顿将会以录像的形式提供证词。
The scientific research plan has already been drawn up.
科研计划已经拟出来了。
We believe that it is right and necessary that people with different political and social systems should live side by side—not just in a passive way but as active friends.
Passengers are requested to fill in the customs declaration form here.
请旅客在此填写报关表。
2021/2/2
20
汉语的被动态 1 有形式标记的被动态 2 无形式标记的被动态
2021/2/2
21
1 表被动意义的助词
让,叫,给,被,受,挨,遭,由,加以,予以,为……所, 被……所,是…..的
2021/2/2
3
傅雷：东方人与西方人的思维方式有基本分歧， 我人重综合，重归纳，重暗示，重含蓄；西方 人则重分析，细微曲折，挖掘唯恐不尽，描写 唯恐不周。
汉语学家王力：西洋语法是硬的，没有弹性； 中国语法是软的，富有弹性。……所以中国语 法以达意为主。 英国人写文章往往化零为整， 而中国人写文章却往往化整为零。
The isolation of the rural world, because of distance and lack of transport facilities, is compounded by the paucity of the information media.
2021/2/2
2021/2/2
22
例句: 工作已由他完成了。 The work has been done by him. 杯子给打得粉碎。 The cup has been broken into pieces. 这个问题必须予以处理。 This mat子比较与翻译
2021/2/2
1
英汉句子结构比较