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一对一英语语法辅导资料6 简单句以及练习题

一对一英语语法辅导资料6----简单句一、英语的句子按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。

1、陈述句:用来说明事实或说话人的看法,包括肯定句和否定句。

如:He is a doctor. I didn’t go to school yesterday.2、祈使句:用来表示请求、命令。

如:Be quiet!Don’t play with fire!3、问句:用来提出问题。

包括一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句。

如:Do you like English?What time is it?Does he like playing football or playing basketball?They went out, didn’t they?4、感叹句:用来表达强烈的感情。

如:What a fine day it is! How beautiful!二、用法讲析:1、陈述句:中考出题一般是将肯定句变为否定句。

几种常见形式:(1)含有谓语动词be,变否定时,be后加not即be not……I am a teacher → I am not a teacher.There are some books→There are not any books.(2)句子谓语动词是实义动词(如:work live)时,要用助动词do/does/did + not + 动词原形。

如:They like swimming→They don’t like swimming. I came late → I didn’t come late(3) 句中含有all,both的句子,变完全否定时,要将all→none, both→neither, both…and…→neither…nor…要注意谓语动词的变化。

如:All of us watched the TV → None of us watched the TV.Both of them are students.→Neither of them is a student.Both Tom and John have done the homework.→Neither Tom nor John has done the homework.(4)现在完成时、过去完成时态的句子变否定时变为have/has+not+done或had+not+done(5) had better do something变否定时为had better not do…如:You’d better have a rest → You’d better not have a rest.2、疑问句:(1)一般疑问句:一般指用Yes或No回答的疑问句。

I Tom at home? Yes, he is./No, he isn’t.Can you swim? Yes, I can./No, I can’t.Have they been to Beijing?Yes, they have./No, they haven’t.(2)特殊疑问句:是以疑问词开头的疑问句。

常用疑问词what,where,who,how,what time,how long等其结构:疑问词+一般疑问句?要注意使用一般疑问句的语序。

.My name is Mary→What is your name?I usually get up at 6:30→When do you get up?注意:疑问词作主语或作主语的定语时,语序不变即疑问词(疑问词+被修饰词)+动词+其他?Han Mei is on duty Today.→Who is on duty today?My ruler is blue.→Whose ruler is blue?还应注意:特殊疑问句不能用Yes或No回答,应问什么答什么。

(3)选择疑问句:提出两种或两种以上的情况,要求对方选择一种。

这种疑问句叫选择疑问句。

其结构:“一般疑问句+or+其他?”Is her brother a doctor↗or a↘teacher?前升后降Shall we go to the cinema on↗Saturday or on↘Sunday?注意:回答时不用Yes或No,直接回答(根据事实回答)。

如:—Does he like English or Chinese?—He likes Chinese.(4)反意疑问句:反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句,是在陈述句之后,对陈述句所叙述的事实提出的疑问。

其基本结构有两种:一是“肯定陈述句+ 简略否定问句”;二是“否定陈述句+ 简略肯定问句”。

反意疑问句的前后两部分在时态、人称和数上都要保持一致。

如:It looks like rain,doesn’t it?He doesn't need to work so late, does he?学习反意疑问句,特别要注意以下的一些特殊情况:①陈述部分的主语是this,that时,疑问部分的主语多用it;陈述部分的主语是these,those 时,疑问部分的主语是they。

如:This is a dictionary, isn’t it?Those are shelves, aren’t they?②陈述句如果是there be 结构时,疑问部分仍用there。

如:There once was a man named Saint Nicholas,wasn’t there?③陈述部分的谓语是had better(最好)时,疑问部分用hadn’t来体现。

如:You’d better have a good rest, hadn’t you?④陈述句的谓语动词是have(has)to(必须)时,疑问部分用助动词do或does来体现。

如:They have to go there, don’t they?He has to leave early, doesn’t he?⑤陈述句的主语是动词不定式、动词的ing形式或从句时,疑问部分的主语多用it来体现。

如:Taking care of our environment is very important, isn’t it?What he said is right, isn’t it?⑥陈述句中含有not、no、hardly、neither、never、few、little、too…to等否定词或是具有否定意义的词时,疑问部分常用肯定形式。

如:Few people knew the news, did they?Tom has never been to England, has he?但陈述句中如果带有否定意义的前缀和后缀的单词时,整个句子仍视为肯定句,反意疑问部分多用否定形式。

如:She is unhappy, isn’t she?⑦陈述句中的谓语动词含有“推测”性的词must(一定)时,反意疑问部分多与must之后的动词形式和时态与句子主语保持一致。

Her mother must be a teacher, isn’t she?She must have read the novel, hasn’t she?⑧陈述句的主语是nobody, no one, everyone, somebody等不定代词时,反意疑问部分的主语多用they;如果陈述句的主语是something,nothing,anything,everything等不定代词时,反意疑问部分的主语多用it。

如:Nobody says a word about the accident,do they?Everything seems all right,doesn’t it?⑨陈述句是主从复句时,如果主句的谓语动词是think、believe、expect、feel、guess等词,且主语是第一人称I时,反意疑问部分的人称、时态要与从句中的人称、时态保持一致,同时还要考虑到否定的转移。

如:I believe that the boy can get a ticket for you, can’t he?I don’t think he will come, will he?⑩祈使句反意疑问句都可做成will you?Please open the window, will you?Don’t talk, will you?但以Let’s开头的祈使句用shall we?Let us……,will you?Let me……,will you?如:Let’s go shopping,shall we?Let us have a rest,will you?注意:对反意疑问句的回答,不管问题的提法如何,若事实是肯定的,就用yes,事实是否定的,就用no。

即Yes + 肯定,No + 否定。

这和汉语不一样,应特别注意。

如:John hasn’t been to Beijing,has he?Yes, he has. 不,他去过。

No, he hasn’t. 对,他没去过。

3、祈使句:(1)祈使句是用来表示请求、命令、劝告或建议等语气的句子。

它的主语多是You(通常不说出)。

(2)祈使句可分为肯定、否定两种形式。

其中肯定形式的祈使句由动词原形开头,分两类:①连系动词+ 表语(如:形容词、名词等)引起。

例如:Keep quiet!保持安静!Be a good student!要做一我好学生!②行为动词开头。

例如:Open the door!打开门吧!Come here!到这儿来!否定形式的构成是一律在肯定形式的祈使句之前加上Don’t。

例如:Don’t go there alone!不要一个人去那里。

Don’t be late for class again!别再上课迟到(3)在祈使句中加上please可构成“Please…”或“…,please.”句式,please使句子语气显得更委婉、礼貌。

此时的否定句应变为“Please don’t……”或“Don’t……,please.”例如:Please give the book to me./Give the book to me, please.请把那本书给我。

Please don’t play with fire./Don’t play with fire, please. 请别玩火。

(4)由let构成的肯定式的祈使句句型为:Let+宾语+动词原形+其它。

例如:Let me have a good rest. 让我好好休息一下。

以let引起的祈使句的否定形式,要视其在意思上否定了什么来决定。

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